A1 - Cities And Planning Flashcards

1
Q

How many live in cities in 2022?
(antal och %)

A

4,5 billion // 57%

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2
Q

How many will live in cities 2050? (antal och %)

A

6.4 billion // 66%

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3
Q

How many swedes live in urban areas 2020? (antal & %)

A

9 million // 88%

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4
Q

Define urban area

A

> = 200 inhabitants & =< 200m between houses

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5
Q

Which was the first city to reach 1million inhabitants?

A

Rome, 133 BC

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6
Q

What developments made big cities possible?

A

Advances in transportation & infrastructure (water, sewage)

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7
Q

Hur mycket av det globala BNP/GDP står städer för?

A

> 80%

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8
Q

Hur mycket av den ekonomiska tillväxten står städer för?

A

> 75%

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9
Q

Förklara densification och sprawl

A

Densification - Hong Kong
Sprawl - Atlanta

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10
Q

Ge ett samband mellan densification och energi konsumerad i samband med transporter

A

Ju mer tätbebyggd stad, desto mindre energi drar den i transporter

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11
Q

Explain “15-minute city” and give an example

A

Paris
Affärer, parker, jobb etc är 15 minuter från boendet

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12
Q

What are the three steps of planning?

A
  1. Identify - WHAT do we want to achieve?
  2. Formulate - HOW do we accomplish it?
  3. Implement - START implementing the strategies
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13
Q

What factors affect urban planning (6)?

A

(Trends)
1. Politics
2. Demography (age/gender/occupation)
3. Environment
4. Economy

(Individual)
5. Preferences
6. Socio-economic

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14
Q

Explain the building decree/byggnadsstadgan

A

1874
Reducing risk of fire
Not a law
Municipalities were required to draw &implement urban plans

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15
Q

What happened 1909?

A

Town planning act/PBL
Municipalities got monopoly on planning
Legal relationship between land owners and town
Kungen kunde bestämma utan motsättningar

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16
Q

What happened in 1931?

A

Reform of town planning act
Städer mer självbestämmande i planläggning men kunde INTE bestämma var byggandet skulle ske

17
Q

1947?

A

Building act
Municipalities decide WHERE WHEN HOW the city were to develop

18
Q

1960?

A

Building charter
Planning committees in every municipality
Uniformed national building code

19
Q

1987?

A

PBL
Same as 1947 but no need for state approval
The state only monitors certain interests

20
Q

What’s the purpose of PBL?

A
  • promote societal progress
  • keep a clean & sustainable habitat
  • today and future
  • promote good economic growth
  • promote aesthetically pleasing design
  • promote a livable environment for all social groups
21
Q

Explain PBL

A
  1. Klubbas av riksdagen
  2. Regulates water and land areas
22
Q

För vilka län är regionalplanen INTE volontary/valbar (dvs obligatorisk)?

A

Halland
Skåne
Stockholm

23
Q

What components is the swedish planning system composed of

A
  • regionalplan
  • översiktsplan (comprehensive plan)
  • områdesbestämmelser (area regulations)
  • detaljplan (detailed development plan)
24
Q

Vad händer om svenska regleringar motsäger EU:s?

A

De svenska regleringarna gäller inte till förmån för EU:s. Således blir EU:s regleringar direkt en del av svensk lagstiftning

25
Q

Ge exempel på kommunala nämnder

A

Omsorg och stöd
Utbildning
Kultur
Fritid
Miljö
Stadsutveckling —> stadsbyggnad, exploatering, stadsmiljö, stadsfastighet
Miljö
Etc

26
Q

Ge exempel på kommunala bolag i Göteborg

A

Göteborg Energi
Göteborgs Hamn
Göteborgs Spårvägar
Business Region Göteborg AB
Gryaab AB
Bostads AB Poseidon
Boplats Göteborg AB

27
Q

Explain the sillo effect

A

Different departments in a municipality has different budgets

Different goals can create conflicts between the departments

28
Q

Nämn en nackdel med kommunalt monopol på byggande

A

Städerna som byggs ska hålla i decennier framöver men besluten fattas under korta mandatperioder

29
Q

Explain ”participatory planning”?
+?

A

The community affected by the planning gets to be part of the olanning process

Eg: besök på förskolor

+delaktighet
+skapar engagemang
+demokrati

30
Q

What are the 3 types of public participation in the planning process?

A
  1. Information - mailing
  2. Consulation - surveys
  3. Collaboration - ballots, planning cells