B5.2 Natural Selection and Evolution

Question 1

How does natural selection occur

Answer 1

positive mutation occurs within species
Those without mutation are not adapted and die off
those with mutation are adapted and reproduce
the offspring are the new generation with those good genes

Question 2

Peppered moths

Answer 2

mutation led to black moths

due to industrial revolution, trees got black so black moths camouflaged and survived, white moths died

Question 3

Antibiotic resistant

Answer 3

mutation leads to resistance
etc etc
i.e MRSA bacteria

Question 4

How are fossils formed

Answer 4

Reptile dies and falls on ground
flesh rots, sand or clay and soil may cover the skeleton before damaged
skeleton becomes mineralised into rock after millions of years
recent fossils are at top, old fossils are at bottom

Question 5

Life evolved from simple forms to complex

Answer 5

fossils of simple bacteria are found in much older rocks than fossils of complex organisms

Question 6

Land animals needed plants to survive

Answer 6

plant fossils found in older rocks than animal fossils

Question 7

A species has evolved

Answer 7

anatomy of fossil is similar to anatomy of current organism

Question 8

Genes are passed down during evolution

Answer 8

Scientists can witness rapid reproduction of bacteria, so can see evolution much more quickly

Question 9

99% of species that have ever lived are extinct

Answer 9

supports idea that animals need to adapt to survive and evolve (natural selection)

Question 10

Scientists compare DNA between species

Answer 10

if species share similar DNA, they have most likely evolved from a common ancestor (i.e chimpanzees and humans)

Question 11

Classification is designed in order to

Answer 11

identify species
predict characteristics
find/show evolutionary links

Question 12

Don’t kids prefer chips over fresh green salad

Answer 12

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 13

binomial naming convention

Answer 13

Genus species

i.e Panthera leo

Question 14

phylogenic trees

Answer 14

shows evolutionary links and evolutionary tree

Question 15

Darwin

Answer 15

Darwin went to Galapagos island and saw lots of birds with different beaks.
He summarised that birds with beaks suited to eating will outlast those not suited and pass on their beak characteristic to future generations
he called this natural selection