B5.1 Inheritance

Question 1

variation

Answer 1

occurs due to alleles and mixture of genes.

Question 2

advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 2

if parent is adapted, the offspring will also be (as offspring are clones)
only 1 parent needed and reproduction is quicker

Question 3

advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 3

genetic variation occurs which is good if conditions are different to parents’

Question 4

negatives of asexual

Answer 4

adverse changes to conditions (biotic or abiotic) results in all organisms being affected

Question 5

negatives of sexual

Answer 5

2 parents required and reproduction is slower

Question 6

keywords

Answer 6

phenotype
genotype
allele
gametes
haploid/diploid
homozygous/heterozygous
meiosis

Question 7

Types of mutation

Answer 7

dont affect phenotype
influence phenotype
determine phenotype

Question 8

Types of mutation that affect phenotype

Answer 8

neutral (rolling tongue)
harmful (cancer, different shaped proteins)
beneficial (antibiotic resistance, camouflage)

Question 9

Mutation in genes (coding section)

Answer 9

if protein affected is an enzyme: wrong enzyme will be produce (so no enzyme produced for the original instruction)
enzyme may fold incorrectly resulting in faulty active site

Question 10

Mutation in non coding section

Answer 10

non coding section contains sequence of bases that trigger transcription.
if mutation occurs here, gene may not be transcribed in mRNA, therefore the gene may have no control over the protein production (may not be produced at all or being produced all the time)

Question 11

steps of mutation

Answer 11

mutation= change in DNA bases
different sequence of bases = different amino acid produced in translation
different amino acid= different protein/ protein folds incorrectly

Question 12

meiosis

Answer 12

pg 155 biology textbook