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GIR Test 1 > B5-070 Renal Embryology > Flashcards

B5-070 Renal Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

the kidneys and gonads develop from

A

intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

“non functional” kidney in mammals that forms in the 3 week and is gone by week 4

A

pronephros

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3
Q

the kidney develops from the […] ridge

A

urogenital

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4
Q
  • about 90% of kidney cancers in children are
  • most common primary renal tumor affecting children
A

Wilms’ tumors

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5
Q

caused by a mutation in the WT-1 gene

tumor supressor genes found on chr 11

A

Wilm’s Tumor

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6
Q
  • child age 3-4
  • blood in urine
  • unilateral, painless abdominal mass
A

Wilm’s tumor

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7
Q
  • painless palpable mass
  • loss of apetite
  • blood in urine
  • child 3-4 years
A

Wilm’s tumor

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8
Q

is a Wilm’s tumor typically biopsied?

A

no

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9
Q

5 year survival of Wilms’ tumor

A

90%

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10
Q

permits symmetrical external growth of the embryo

A

amniotic fluid

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11
Q

by 20 weeks, most amniotic fluid comes from

A

fetal urine

kidney issues may be more noticeable after 20 weeks

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12
Q

polyhydramnios typically occurs after […] week of pregnancy

A

24th

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13
Q

associated with
* GI abnormalities: esophageal atresia, duodenal atresia, TEF
* anencephaly
* maternal diabetes mellitus

A

polyhydramnios

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14
Q

polyhydramnios can be associated with trisomies

A

21 and 18

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15
Q

treatments for polyhydramnios

2

A
  • indomethacin
  • amnio reduction
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16
Q

rises from pelvis to posterior abdominal wall while gonads drop

A

metanephric kidney

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17
Q
  • associated with unilateral defects in reproductive organs, may have lack of repro organs on one side
  • typically unknown to individual affected, unless diagnosed by fetal US
A

unilateral kidney agenesis

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18
Q
  • associated with oligohydramnios
  • kidney malformation incompatible with life
A

bilateral renal agenesis

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19
Q

more than two kidneys is called

A

redundant kidney

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20
Q
  • kidney rotates as it ascends
  • typically unilateral
  • increases chances of hydronephrosis
A

rotational kidney

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21
Q

POTTER sequence

A

Pulmonary hypoplasia
Oligohydramnios
Twisted face
Twisted skin
Extremity defect
Renal agenesis

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22
Q

newborns will Potter sequence typically die to

A

respiratory failure

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23
Q

thought to be due to fushion of right and left metanephric kidneys in the midline while in pelvis

A

horseshoe kidney

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24
Q

rise of horseshoe kidney is limited by the [vessel]

A

inferior mesenteric artery

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25
ascent prevented by IMA
horseshoe kidney
26
* associated with Turner syndrome * carries an increased risk of developing Wilms' tumor
horseshoe kidney
27
often asymptomatic but may cause hindgut ischemia and frequent UTIs
horseshoe kidney
28
why does 50-60% of the population have supernumery renal arteries?
kidneys induce growth of new renal arteries during ascent
29
most common renal abnormality, occuring in 1% of population
duplicated ureters
30
found in 8% of children diagnosed with UTIs
duplicated ureter
31
found in 8% of children diagnosed with UTIs
duplicated ureter
32
ureteric bud splits or arises twice causing a common (70%) or complete (30%) split
duplicated ureters
33
more common in Caucasian females
duplicated ureters
34
[...] splits between the bladder and kidney
bifid ureter
35
three typical sites for kidney stones to lodge
1. junction of renal pelvis in ureter 2. as ureters cross iliac blood vessel at pelvic brim 3. junction of ureter with bladder wall
36
where do kidney stone pains refer to in females?
caudally into labia majora
37
where des kidney stone pain refer to in males?
caudally into scrotum
38
remnant of urachus
median umbilical ligament
39
cause leaking of urine and periumbilical inflammation
urachal fistula
40
presents as moisture around umbilicus
urachal sinus
41
usually seals off and obliterates around months 4-5 leaving the median umbilical ligament
urachus
42
* drains urine from umbilicus from birth * periumbilical inflammation/moisture
urachal fistula
43
can be asymptomatic but may present with umbilical infections with abdominal pain and periumbilical moisture
urachal sinus
44
* present with infection around 2-4 y.o. * suprapubic pain, blood in urine, fever
urachal cysts
45
urachal diverticulum are usually | signs/symptoms
asymptomatic
46
* abnormality of formation of the anterior bladder wall and the bony pelvis * elevated AFP levels
bladder exstrophy
47
causes abnormal development of external genitalia in both boys and girls
bladder exstrophy
48
treatment of bladder exstrophy
multiple surgeries * bladder closure * closure of anterior abdominal wall * pelvic osteotomy * epispadias repair * bladder neck reconstruction
49
most serious form of bladder exstrophy in which pelvic bones, rectum, anus, bladder, and genitals did not fully separate as fetus developed
cloacal exstrophy
50
OEIS complex
Omphalocele Exstrophy of bladder or rectum Imperforate anus Spinal defects
51
OEIS is associated with what defect?
cloacal exstrophy
52
glycoprotein produced by yolk sac, allantois, and liver during fetal development
AFP
53
conditions in which AFP will be elevated
omphalocele gastroschisis HCC neural tube defects nonseminomatous germ cell tumors yolk sac tumore exstrophy of bladder/cloaca
54
AFP levels are typically screening during what trimester of pregnancy?
2nd
55
is the adrenal cortex or medulla derived from neural crest cells?
medulla
56
zona glomerulosa produces
aldosterone
57
zona fasciculata produces
DHEA cortisol (after second trimester)
58
zona reticularis produces
adrenal androgen (DHEA) at 6-8 y.o.
59
which zone of the adrenal cortex does not develop until 6-8 years of age?
zone reticularis
60
fetal cortisol is thought to be essential for differentiation of [...] into [...]
neural crest cells chromaffin cells
61
produce epinephrine in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation
chromaffin cells
62
disorder of defective steroidgenesis due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
63
adrenal glands produce too little cortisol/aldosterone and too much androgen
CAH
64
has a universal newborn screening
CAH

GIR Test 1 (16 decks)

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