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GIR Test 1 > B5-016 Abdominal Imaging > Flashcards

B5-016 Abdominal Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

if you can see lung bases in the view this typically indicates…

A

upright position

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2
Q

what are normal KUBs good for?

A

evaluating gas patterns
looking for free air

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3
Q

where would you expect to see gas on normal KUB?

A

stomach
most segments of colon

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4
Q

normal limits of bowel distension

A

small bowel: 3cm
colon: 6cm
cecum: 9cm

3-6-9 rule

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5
Q

what portion of the small bowel will be in the LUQ on normal KUB?

A

jejunum

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6
Q

what portion of the small bowel is in the RLQ on normal KUB?

A

ileum

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7
Q

where does the air collect in an upright view of pneumoperitoneum?

A

under the diaphragm

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8
Q
A

normal gas pattern

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9
Q

calcification in RUQ

A

gallstones

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10
Q

calcifications in renal silhouette

A

kidney stone

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10
Q

what imaging modality is better for evaluating solid viscera?

A

CT/ultrasound

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11
Q

would you use contrast in evaluating nephrolithiasis via CT?

A

no

actually makes the stones harder to see

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12
Q

identify liver, spleen, esophagus, stomach, IVC

A
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13
Q

identify lobes of liver, ligamentum venosum, ligamentum teres hepatis

A
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14
Q

3 structures of porta hepatis

A

portal vein, hepatic artery, common duct

common duct is hard to see in nondistended state

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15
Q

identify the structures of the porta hepatis

A

common duct cannot be visualized in nondistended state

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16
Q

dominant vessel to liver providing 80% of blood flow to hepatic parenchyma

A

portal vein

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17
Q

formed by confluence of splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

A

portal vein

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18
Q

identify portal vein, splenic vein, SMV, SMA

A
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19
Q

how would the gallbladder look in a post prandial state?

A

contracted
hard to visualize

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20
Q

what is the arrow pointing to?

A

gallbladder

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21
Q

structures surrounding pancreas

4

A
  • biliary tract
  • duodenum
  • aorta/IVC
  • splenic vessels
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22
Q

what structure is the arrow pointing at?

A

cecum

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23
Q

what structure is the arrow pointing at?

A

transverse colon

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24
Q

what is the arrow pointing at?

A

descending colon

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25
Q

major branches of aorta

4

A

celiac axis
SMA
IMA
renal arteries

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26
Q

normal measurement of abdominal aorta

A

2 cm

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27
Q

the left renal vein is […] than the right renal vein

A

longer

28
Q

what structure is outlined?

A

adrenal gland

29
Q

what imaging modality would be preferred to exam solid organs in patients who cannot have IV contrast or need limited radiation?

A

ultrasound

30
Q

what imaging modality is great for looking at vessels?

A

ultrasound

due to color Doppler imaging

31
Q

what is the significance of this imaging?

A

round hypoechoic areas scattered throughout liver

malignant metastasis in liver

32
Q

what is the significance of this image?

A

dilated renal pelvis

hydronephrosis

33
Q
A

kidney stones -US

34
Q

ACR Appropriateness Criteria for Jaundice- no known predisposing criteria

just list the green ones

A

US abdomen
CT abdomen with contrast
MRI abdomen without and with IV Contrast

35
Q

how might you describe this US of liver?

A

nodular
heterogenous

cirrhosis

36
Q

what does the image indicate?

in general

A

solid mass

color doppler shows vascular structure

37
Q

if a mass demonstrates

  • early hyperenhancement (hepatic arterial supply)
  • rapid washout (tumor neovascularity/AV shunting)
  • delayed rim enhancement (mass effect)
A

HCC

definitive test, no need for biopsy

38
Q
  • most common primary hepatic malignancy
  • strongly linked to chronic liver disease
  • third most common cancer death worldwide
A

HCC

39
Q

leading cause of cirrhosis in US

A

viral hepatitis

followed by alcoholism

40
Q

predicted to become leading cause of cirrhosis in the US in 10-15 years

A

NASH

currently third most common

41
Q

what imaging modality is used for screening for HCC?

A

US

42
Q

what imaging modality is used for diagnosis of HCC?

A

CT and/or MRI

biopsy not necessary for treatment

43
Q

a target sign on US confirms

A

intussusception

44
Q

treatment for intussusception

A

therapeutic air enema

45
Q

how does intussusception occur?

A

the invagination of the intussuceptum into the intussusceptient in the telescope-like manner

46
Q

most intussusception occur where?

A

ilieocolic

terminal ileum telescopes into cecum

47
Q

why are intussuceptions more common in winter months?

A

thought to be associated with viral illnesses

48
Q
  • crampy abdominal pain
  • blood, currant jelly stool
  • palpable right sided abdominal mass
  • child 3 months-1 year old
A

intussusception

49
Q

contraindication of image guided reduction of intussusception

A

perforation

50
Q

a majority of intussusception are

cause

A

idiopathic

51
Q

what is the most likely type of intussusception?

A

ileo-colic

52
Q

what age group are intussusceptions most common in

A

under 1
during winter months

53
Q

describe the classic enhancement characteristics of HCC on CT/MRI

A

increased early enhancement and decreased delayed enhancement

54
Q

leading causes of non alcoholic fatty liver disease

A

DM and obesity

55
Q

expected to become the leading cause of cirrhosis in the US in 10-15 years

A

non alcoholic fatty liver disease

56
Q

pneumoperitoneum is an absolute contraindication to performing

A

air enema reduction of intussusception

57
Q

leading cause of cirrhosis currently

A

chronic hepatitis

58
Q

normal limits for small bowel distension

A

3 cm

59
Q

normal limits for colon distension

A

6 cm

60
Q

normal limits for cecum distension

A

9 cm

61
Q

in an upright radiograph, free intraperitoneal gas will be seen where?

A

under right hemidiaphragm

62
Q

a KUB is best used to evaluate

A

gas patterns

63
Q

gas seen within the colon on a KUB would most likely be seen where?

A

periphery of colon

64
Q

gas seen within the jejunum on KUB would most likely be seen in which location?

A

upper left quadrant

65
Q

gas seen within the ileum on KUB would most likely be seen in which location?

A

right lower quadrant

66
Q

gas seen within the small bowel on KUB would most likely be seen in which location?

A

centrally located

67
Q

why is US not typically used to evaluate bowel?

A

air in the bowel has high acoustic impedence and will cause a lot of shadowing

GIR Test 1 (16 decks)

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