B4M2Q3 23-24 Flashcards
Which term refers to the equilibrated pressure level during conditions where
blood in the circulation ceases to move forward?
A. Median circulatory filling pressure
B. Mean circulatory filling pressure
C. Central venous pressure
D. Peripheral venous pressure
B. Mean circulatory filling pressure
The quantity of blood that empties into the right atrium every minute is defined
as:
A. Arterial return
B. Venous return
C. Arterial cardiac load
D. Venous cardiac load
B. Venous return
Which of the following factors regulates the central venous pressure?
A. ability of the heart to pump blood out of the left atrium
B. force that propels blood flow into the left ventricle
C. tendency for blood to flow into the right atrium
D. volume of blood stored within the central veins
C. tendency for blood to flow into the right atrium
Which condition will result in a decreased right atrial pressure?
A. Heart failure
B. Septic shock
C. Volume overload
D. Arteriolar dilatation
B. Septic shock
This barometric change in a person’s cardiovascular system is an expected consequence when he/she performs the Valsalva maneuver?
A. Decreased central venous pressure
B. Increased peripheral venous resistance
C. Decreased peripheral venous pressure
D. Increased venous return
D. Increased venous return
When all other factors are omitted, the central venous pressure and the cardiac
output will exhibit what relationship?
A. directly proportional
B. inversely proportional
C. non-linear
D. parabolic
A. directly proportional
The lower limit of the right atrial pressure is equal to:
A. the pressure exerted by the left lung
B. pressure of the thoracic cavity
C. diaphragmatic pressure
D. atmospheric pressure
B. pressure of the thoracic cavity
During a marathon, a runner collapses and is brought to the emergency room with severe dehydration. There will most likely be ____________in this patient as
a result.
A. Decreased firing of baroreceptors
B. Decreased plasma osmolality
C. High renal water excretion
D. Low plasma Antidiuretic Hormone levels
A. Decreased firing of baroreceptors
Performing a carotid sinus massage would produce the following effect:
A. Increased heart rate
B. Increased aortic blood pressure
C. Increased activity and discharge from carotid baroreceptors
D. Inactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
C. Increased activity and discharge from carotid baroreceptors
After being involved in a motor vehicular accident, a patient sustained multiple
fractures over his lower extremities. His initial BP was 80/50mmHg with a heart
rate of 140 bpm. He was then assessed to have hypovolemic shock. Which of the following parameters are known to increase his cardiac output?
A. increased venous capacitance
B. decreased left ventricular end diastolic volume
C. decreased afterload
D. decreased inotropy
C. decreased afterload
This statement describes the mean arterial pressure:
A. It is one-third of the sum of diastolic and systolic pressures.
B. It is the average of systolic and diastolic pressures.
C. It is determined from about 40% by diastolic and 60% by systolic pressure.
D. It is the average of arterial pressures measured millisecond by millisecond
over a period of time .
D. It is the average of arterial pressures measured millisecond by millisecond
over a period of time .
This statement is TRUE regarding the Baroreceptor Reflex:
A. Signals from carotid baroreceptors are transmitted through the vagus nerves.
B. Signals from aortic baroreceptors are transmitted to the tractus
solitarius of the medulla.
C. The carotid baroreceptors are stimulated by pressures ranging from 0-50/60
mmHg.
D. The baroreceptors respond much more to a stationary pressure.
B. Signals from aortic baroreceptors are transmitted to the tractus
Which of the following conditions triggers Vasopressin secretion?
A. low blood volume; low blood pressure; high urine osmolality
B. high blood volume; high blood alcohol; low plasma osmolality
C. high blood pressure; high body alcohol; high urine osmolality
D. low blood volume; low blood pressure; high plasma osmolality
D. low blood volume; low blood pressure; high plasma osmolality
Renin is a component of the RAAS system, which enables the body to control blood pressure. Which of the following will lead to an increase in the circulating
levels of renin in the blood?
A. Decreased renal sympathetic nerve activity
B. Increased blood pressure
C. Decreased NaCl delivery to the macula densa
D. Increase in renal blood flow
C. Decreased NaCl delivery to the macula densa
Which of the following structures control the access of blood to segments of a
capillary network?
A. Metarterioles
B. Precapillary sphincters
C. Post capillary sphincters
D. Clefts or pores
B. Precapillary sphincters
The clefts between endothelial cells of the brain are referred to as which of following?
A. Venules
B. Metarterioles
C. Blood brain barrier
D. Epidural space
C. Blood brain barrier
The clefts called sinusoids are found in which of the following organs?
A. Lungs
B. Kidneys
C. Liver and intestines
D. Thyroid gland
C. Liver and intestines
Lipid soluble substances that cross the capillary endothelial cells include which of
the following?
A. Oxygen and carbon dioxide
B. Glucose
C. Protein
D. Amino acids
A. Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Large water soluble substances cross the membrane by which of the following?
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Pinocytosis
C. Simple diffusion
D. Osmosis
B. Pinocytosis
The flow through the capillaries are regulated by which of the following structures?
A. Smooth muscles
B. Arterioles and precapillary sphincters
C. Post capillary venules
D. Capillary endothelial cells
B. Arterioles and precapillary sphincters
Lipid soluble substances cross the capillary endothelial cell membrane by which
of the following mechanisms?
A. Simple diffusion
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. By a carrier substance
D. Capillary osmotic pressure
A. Simple diffusion
Which of the following correctly describes the Frank-Starling Mechanism?
A. Named in honor of Ernest Frank and Otto Starling, two great physiologists
B. Refers to the intrinsic ability of the heart to adapt to decreasing volumes of
inflowing blood
C. States that the more the heart muscle is stretched during filling, the greater is the force of contraction and the greater is the quantity of blood pumped into the aorta
D. The ability of stretched muscle, up to an optimal length, to contract with
increased work output is characteristic only of cardiac muscle
C. States that the more the heart muscle is stretched during filling, the greater is the force of contraction and the greater is the quantity of blood pumped into the aorta
Which of the following statements correctly describes the fluid movement
throughout the capillary membrane?
A. The capillary hydrostatic pressure tends to force fluid outward through capillary membrane
B. The interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure tends to force fluid outward
through the capillary membrane
C. The capillary plasma colloid osmotic pressure tends to cause osmosis of
fluid outward through the capillary membrane
D. The interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure tends to cause osmosis of
fluid inward through the capillary membrane
A. The capillary hydrostatic pressure tends to force fluid outward through capillary membrane
The net filtration pressure (NFP) is calculated as:
A. NFP = capillary hydrostatic pressure + interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
- capillary plasma colloid osmotic pressure + interstitial fluid colloid
osmotic pressure
B. NFP = capillary hydrostatic pressure - interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
+ capillary plasma colloid osmotic pressure + interstitial fluid colloid
osmotic pressure
C. NFP = capillary hydrostatic pressure - interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure - capillary plasma colloid osmotic pressure + interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
D. NFP = capillary hydrostatic pressure + interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
- capillary plasma colloid osmotic pressure - interstitial fluid colloid osmotic
pressure
C. NFP = capillary hydrostatic pressure - interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure - capillary plasma colloid osmotic pressure + interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Which of the following correctly quantify blood flow to different organs under
basal conditions?
A. kidneys 750 ml/min
B. liver 1350 ml/min
C. muscle (inactive state) 1100 ml/min
D. brain 200 ml/min
B. liver 1350 ml/min
26.Which of the following conditions increases tissue blood flow secondary to
reduced oxygen availability?
A. living in low altitude areas
B. during pneumonia
C. in carbon monoxide poisoning (which poisons the ability of the tissue to
use oxygen)
D. In cyanide poisoning (which poisons the ability of hemoglobin to transport
oxygen)
B. during pneumonia
Which of the following hormones controlling blood flow act as a vasodilator?
A. bradykinin
B. norepinephrine
C. vasopressin
D. angiotensin II
A. bradykinin
Which of the following correctly describes vascular control by ions?
A. An increase in intracellular calcium concentration causes vasodilation.
B. An increase in magnesium ion concentration causes powerful
vasoconstriction.
C. An increase in potassium ion concentration, within the physiological range, causes vasodilation.
D. An increase in hydrogen ion concentration causes constriction of the
arterioles.
C. An increase in potassium ion concentration, within the physiological range, causes vasodilation.
A medical intern reported a blood pressure of 100/80 mmhg for her patient. What
does 100 mmhg represent?
A. Highest arterial pressure during a cardiac cycle
B. Lowest arterial pressure during a cardiac cycle
C. Mean arterial pressure during a cardiac cycle
D. Central venous pressure
A. Highest arterial pressure during a cardiac cycle
During a cardiac cycle, systolic pressure occurs when:
A. The heart contracts & ejects blood into the arterial system
B. The heart contracts and ejects blood into the lungs
C. The heart relaxes & blood is returned via the veins
D. The heart is relaxed and blood flows into the ventricles
A. The heart contracts & ejects blood into the arterial system
What is the mean arterial pressure when the blood pressure is 120/80 mmhg?
A. 93
B. 85
C. 110
D. 70
A. 93
Which is the most important determinant of pulse pressure?
A. Stroke volume
B. Compliance of the arteries
C. End systolic volume
D. End diastolic volume
A. Stroke volume
Which characteristic of a pulse wave describes the speed of the upstroke, duration of the summit & speed of the downstroke?
A. Contour
B. Rate
C. Amplitude
D. Rhythm
A. Contour
34.A medical intern is asked to count the carotid pulse of a patient. Which should be
the first step for this procedure?
A. Let the patient lie down with head of bed elevated to about 30 degrees.
B. Inspect for carotid pulsations in the neck with the patient in upright
position.
C. Palpate for the carotid artery in the neck with patient lying flat.
D. Observe for carotid pulsations in the lateral border of the sternomastoid
muscle.
A. Let the patient lie down with head of bed elevated to about 30 degrees.
A medical intern is tasked to take the blood pressure of a patient. Which of the
following techniques should he observe to obtain an accurate BP reading?
A. The lower border of the cuff should be around 2.5 cm above the antecubital fossa.
B. Position the arm below heart level.
C. Upon inflating, add 50 mmHg to the palpatory systolic pressure to avoid the auscultatory gap
D. Deflate the cuff rapidly to get an accurate systolic & diastolic reading
A. The lower border of the cuff should be around 2.5 cm above the antecubital fossa.
What catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I ?
A. Angiotensinase
B. Renin
C. Angiotensin converting enzyme
D. Aldosterone
B. Renin
The carotid sinus nerve is cranial nerve _________.
A. X
B. XI
C. XII
D. IX
D. IX
The primary site of the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II is the
____________.
A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Lungs
D. Plasma
C. Lungs
The condition characterized by fainting or light-headedness upon standing from a
sitting or supine position is termed as _______________.
A. Orthostatic hypotension
B. The Baroreceptor reflex
C. The Cushing reaction
D. Venous pooling
A. Orthostatic hypotension
Where are the baroreceptors located?
A. Within the wall of the ascending aorta
B. Near the bifurcation of the common carotids
C. Within the walls of the right and left atria
D. Near the vasomotor center in the brainstem
B. Near the bifurcation of the common carotids
Which of the following physiologic factors will cause an increase in blood
pressure in an otherwise healthy individual?
A. Rest
B. Immediately standing up from supine
C. Increased age
D. Female sex
C. Increased age
Which of the following compensatory physiologic responses occur to increase
mean arterial pressure after an acute blood loss?
A. Increased constriction of the arterioles
B. Decreased venous return
C. Increased parasympathetic outflow to the heart
D. Decreased cardiac contractility
A. Increased constriction of the arterioles
On annual physical examination, a 45-year-old patient had a blood pressure of
145/95 mmHg. He will be classified as ___________.
A. Normal
B. Prehypertension
C. Stage 1 HTN
D. Stage 2 HTN
C. Stage 1 HTN
A diabetic 55-year-old had his regular follow-up. You would advise him achieve to a blood pressure goal of?
A. <120/80
B. <140/90
C. <150/90
D. <160/90
B. <140/90
A 55-year-old with asthma had his regular follow-up. You would advise him
achieve to a blood pressure goal of?
A. <120/80
B. <140/90
C. <150/90
D. <160/90
B. <140/90
A 75-year-old with no co-morbidities had his regular follow-up. You would advise
him to achieve a blood pressure goal of?
A. <120/80
B. <140/90
C. <150/90
D. <160/90
C. <150/90
On annual physical examination, a 65-year-old patient had a blood pressure of
130/90 mmHg. He will be classified as ___________.
A. Normal
B. Prehypertension
C. Stage 1 HTN
D. Stage 2 HTN
C. Stage 1 HTN
Which of the following factors will increase lymph flow?
A. Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
B. Decreased colloid osmotic pressure
C. Decreased interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
D. Decreased permeability of capillaries
B. Decreased colloid osmotic pressure
Majority (80%) of total osmotic pressure is derived from ____________.
A. Albumin
B. Globulin
C. Water
D. Saline
A. Albumin
The amount of fluid filtering outward from the arterial ends of capillaries are
almost exactly equal to the fluid that is eventually returned to the circulation. An
imbalance will result to what?
A. Pain
B. Edema
C. Hyperemia
D. Hyperthermia
B. Edema
