B4M2Q3 21-22 Flashcards
In the Starling equation, this refers to the hydraulic conductance of the capillary wall:
A. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
B. Fluid flow
C. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
D. Filtration coefficient
D. Filtration coefficient
The first step in the baroreceptor reflex is –
A. when mean arterial pressure goes greater than 100mmHg it stretches the walls
of the carotid sinus and the aortic arch.
B. an increase in mean arterial pressure produces an increase in parasympathetic
outflow to the heart.
C. when stretch is detected, it will increase the firing of the Hering’s nerve.
D. a decrease in the sympathetic outflow to the heart and blood vessels.
A. when mean arterial pressure goes greater than 100mmHg it stretches the walls
of the carotid sinus and the aortic arch.
Pulse pressure is:
A. the average arterial pressure with respect to time
B. the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures
C. the highest arterial pressure during a cardiac cycle
D. the lowest arterial pressure during a cardiac cycle
B. the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures
Which of the following statement describes the relationship of venous pressure and blood flow?
A. Pressure in the neck veins falls so low that atmospheric pressure on the outside
of the neck causes it to collapse.
B. Veins from the arms are compressed by the sharp angulation over the 4th rib.
C. Pressure in the peripheral veins in a person lying down is usually 0 mmHg.
D. Small veins have little resistance to blood flow when distended.
A. Pressure in the neck veins falls so low that atmospheric pressure on the outside
of the neck causes it to collapse.
How is the central venous pressure accurately measured?
A. Inserting a catheter at the internal jugular vein.
B. Observing the degree of distention in the neck veins in supine position.
C. Inserting a catheter at the external jugular vein.
D. Catheter can be measured in any peripheral veins.
A. Inserting a catheter at the internal jugular vein.
In metabolic hypothesis as a mechanism that explain local control of blood flow, tissue
supply O2 is matched to tissue demand for O2. As a result, vasodilator metabolites
are produced and these include which of the following?
A. ATP
B. Lactate
C. Carbon monoxide
D. Nitrogen
B. Lactate
Dolores was diagnosed with severe heart failure. What is the expected right atrial
pressure with this condition?
A. -10 mmHg
B. 0 mmHg
C. -3 mm Hg
D. 20mm Hg
D. 20mm Hg
Taking the blood pressure by palpatory method determines:
A. mean arterial pressure
B. pulse pressure
C. diastolic pressure
D. systolic pressure
D. systolic pressure
Which of the following primary forces tends to cause osmosis of fluid outward through
the capillary membrane?
A. capillary pressure
B. plasma colloid osmotic pressure
C. interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
D. plasma oncotic pressure
C. interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
A 45-year-old obese male came in for annual physical exam. You only have a regular
sized cuff available to take his blood pressure. You notice that it cannot completely
encircle his arm properly. This may lead to:
A. Normally elevated BP
B. Normal BP measurement
C. A falsely elevated BP
D. A falsely low BP
C. A falsely elevated BP
Which of the following condition increases the venous return?
A. Constriction of the arterioles
B. Heart failure
C. Severe hemorrhage
D. Increase in peripheral resistance
B. Heart failure
The most important determinant of pulse pressure:
A. stroke volume
B. blood pressure
C. amplitude
D. heart rate
A. stroke volume
It is the net pressure that drives reabsorption which drives the movement of fluid from
the interstitial fluid back into the capillaries:
A. hydrostatic pressure
B. gauge pressure
C. absolute pressure
D. osmotic pressure
D. osmotic pressure
In autoregulation, blood flow to an organ remains constant over a wide range of
perfusion pressures. Which of the following organs exhibit autoregulation?
A. Pancreas
B. Spleen
C. Liver
D. Kidney
D. Kidney
What will you expect when Angiotensin Converting Enzyme is inhibited from acting on
Angiotensin I?
A. Angiotensin II will stimulate the release of aldosterone
B. increase in blood volume and mean arterial pressure
C. decrease in blood volume and mean arterial pressure
D. renin will catalyze the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1
C. decrease in blood volume and mean arterial pressure
With regards to the structure of the capillary bed, capillaries branch off from
metarterioles. The junction is a band of smooth muscle called:
A. Precapillary sphincter
B. Junctional smooth muscle
C. Preferential channel
D. Postcapillary venule muscle
A. Precapillary sphincter
Large water-soluble substances can cross the capillary wall by:
A. Simple diffusion
B. Pinocytosis
C. Via water-filled clefts
D. Facilitated diffusion
B. Pinocytosis
This pulse characteristic correlates well with pulse pressure:
A. Speed of upstroke
B. Contour
C. Amplitude
D. Rate
C. Amplitude
Romeo is a police trainee and is used to standing still for a long time. Which of the
following describes the effect of gravitational pressure on the venous pressure while
standing?
A. Pressure in the veins of the feet is about +90mmHg.
B. Pressure at the level of the top rib increases due to compression of the jugular
vein.
C. Veins inside the skull are collapsible due to neck thus pressure is about
10mmHg.
D. Pressure in the right atrium increases to 4 mmHg.
A. Pressure in the veins of the feet is about +90mmHg.
There are substances that can cross the capillary wall. Which of the following is a lipid
soluble substance that can cross the membranes of capillary endothelial cells by
simple diffusion?
A. protein
B. carbon dioxide
C. amino acid
D. glucose
B. carbon dioxide
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Aldosterone inhibits the reabsorption of salt by the distal tubules of the kidney.
B. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors can lower blood pressure by
blocking the production of Angiotensin II
C. An increase in renal perfusion releases renin from the juxtaglomerular cells of
the afferent arteriole.
D. Angiotensin II causes the vasodilation of arterioles.
B. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors can lower blood pressure by
blocking the production of Angiotensin II
Normal blood pressure for adults according to JNC 8
A. 120-139/80-89
B. 140/90
C. <120/<80
D. 120/80
C. <120/<80
Based on the Fick’s Law, which one is true?
A. Rate of diffusion is directly proportional to the thickness of membrane
B. Rate of diffusion is directly proportional to the temperature
C. Rate of diffusion is indirectly proportional to the concentration difference
D. Rate of diffusion is directly proportional to the surface area
D. Rate of diffusion is directly proportional to the surface area
Which of the following provides increase in venous return to the heart?
A. Positive inotropic agents
B. Decrease in blood volume
C. Negative inotropic agents
D. Increase in TPR
A. Positive inotropic agents
Pressure on this pulse may decrease the blood flow to the brain and induce syncope
A. Popliteal artery
B. Carotid artery
C. Radial artery
D. Brachial artery
B. Carotid artery
As part of the Cushing reaction, increases in intracranial pressure cause compression
of the cerebral blood vessels and cerebral ischemia. What is an expected response?
A. Heart rate is increased
B. Contractility and TPR are decreased
C. Decrease in sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow
D. Elevation of mean arterial pressure
D. Elevation of mean arterial pressure
What immediate consequence is most likely to occur in a person with massive blood
loss?
A. Increase in central venous pressure
B. Decrease mean circulatory filling pressure
C. Decreased in right atrial pressure
D. No change in the central venous pressure
C. Decreased in right atrial pressure
Which of the following is correct about TRUE capillaries?
A. Contains smooth muscle
B. Consist of double layer of endothelial cells
C. Larger than arterioles
D. Surrounded by a basement membrane
D. Surrounded by a basement membrane
“White coat hypertension” refers to increase in blood pressure –
A. due to aging.
B. among men who have higher blood pressure compared to women.
C. due to nervousness in the doctor’s office.
D. due to exercise.
C. due to nervousness in the doctor’s office.
Which of the following is true about small-water soluble substances that can cross the
capillary wall?
A. These substances include water and amino acids
B. Generally, protein molecules pass freely through the clefts
C. These substances can cross via pinocytosis
D. In the liver and intestine, the clefts are exceptionally tight
A. These substances include water and amino acids
Which of the following statements is correct about intrinsic control of blood flow?
A. If perfusion pressure to the heart is suddenly decreased, there will be a
compensatory vasoconstriction in order to maintain a constant flow.
B. Blood flow to an organ is inversely proportional to its metabolic activity.
C. If metabolic activity in skeletal muscle decreases as a result of strenuous
exercise, blood flow to the muscle will increase proportionately to meet
metabolic demands.
D. The longer the period of occlusion, the greater the increase in blood flow above
pre-occlusion levels.
D. The longer the period of occlusion, the greater the increase in blood flow above
pre-occlusion levels.
Which of the following factors increase filtration?
A. Decreased arterial pressure
B. Decreased venous pressure
C. Decreased protein concentration in blood
D. Adequate lymphatic function
C. Decreased protein concentration in blood
What are some of the factors that increases splanchnic circulation?
A. autonomous regulation
B. local arteriolar resistance as perfusion pressure
C. stretch of vascular smooth muscles which triggers reflex contraction
D. increase gut activity and increase local vasodilator hormones
D. increase gut activity and increase local vasodilator hormones
Ohm’s Law on the relationship of cardiac output and total peripheral vascular
resistance states, “when the total peripheral vascular resistance increases above
normal, cardiac output –
A. falls.
B. increases.
C. remains normal.
D. is unchanged.
A. falls.
Which of the following value refers to a Right Atrial Pressure in a normal healthy adult?
A. -3 mm Hg
B. 20mm Hg
C. 0 mmHg
D. -10 mmHg
C. 0 mmHg
Which of the following organs where the capillary density is highest in the tissues?
A. heart
B. abdomen
C. lower extremities
D. brain
A. heart
The following method is used to take which pulse from which artery? Using the index and middle fingers or thumb of your opposite hand, cup your hand
under the patient’s elbow and feel for the pulse just medial to the biceps tendon. The
patient’s arm should rest with the elbow extended, palm up. With your free hand, you
may need to flex the elbow to a varying degree to get optimal muscular relaxation.
A. Brachial
B. Popliteal
C. Carotid
D. Radial
A. Brachial
Which of the following accurately describes venous return?
A. It is the right ventricular pressure
B. The pressure in the left atrium
C. The quantity of blood flowing from the veins in the right atrium per minute.
D. The pressure in the peripheral veins
C. The quantity of blood flowing from the veins in the right atrium per minute.
These are found in between the endothelial cells and allow passage of water-soluble
substances:
A. Terminal metarterioles
B. Precapillary sphincter
C. Pores
D. Postcapillary venules
C. Pores
What is responsible for oncotic pressure?
A. protein concentration difference in plasma and interstitial fluid.
B. small hydrophilic substances like glucose, amino acids, or anything smaller
than plasma proteins
C. increase blood flow during a period of increased MAP washes out vasodilator
metabolites
D. movement of blood volume out of splanchnic vessels
A. protein concentration difference in plasma and interstitial fluid.
Renin is released from the:
A. kidney
B. lungs
C. adrenal gland
D. heart
A. kidney
Which of the following best describes coronary circulation?
A. Increases in sympathetic tone cause vasoconstriction; decrease in sympathetic
tone cause vasodilation
B. During systole, mechanical compression of the coronary vessels increases
blood flow.
C. Sympathetic nerves play a major role.
D. Reactive hyperemia occurs after the period of occlusion to repay the O2 debt.
D. Reactive hyperemia occurs after the period of occlusion to repay the O2 debt.
A 45-year-old Filipino male came in for annual physical exam. Upon getting his blood
pressure, you note a reading on 135/85mmHg. According to the 2020 Clinical Practice
Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension in the Philippines, he is classified as
having:
A. Hypertension
B. Borderline BP
C. Normal BP
D. Hypotension
B. Borderline BP
The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System regulates blood pressure by adjustment
of:
A. peripheral vascular resistance
B. blood volume
C. decrease of sympathetic outflow to the blood vessels
D. parasympathetic outflow to the heart
B. blood volume
When a person exhales, which of the following event occurs?
A. Increase in abdominal pressure
B. Increase thoracic pressure
C. Decrease end-diastolic volume
D. Decrease cardiac output
B. Increase thoracic pressure
Which of the following term refers to pressure in the right atrium?
A. Peripheral venous pressure
B. Mean Circulatory filling pressure
C. Mean systemic pressure
D. Central venous pressure
D. Central venous pressure
A patient was rushed to the ER after sudden severe chest pain. Work-up revealed an
acute myocardial infarction. The patient is noted to be diaphoretic with cool, clammy
skin and is hypotensive with a BP of 60/40. The physician on duty is considering
cardiogenic shock. Which of the following is an expected pulse finding?
A. Strong pulse
B. Weak, thready pulse
C. Normal pulsations
D. Bounding puls
B. Weak, thready pulse
Decreased in capillary oncotic pressure caused by the decreased in protein
concentration in blood may lead to increased infiltration. Which of the following
diseases usually precipitates edema?
A. Anaphylaxis
B. Congestive Heart Failure
C. Malnutrition
D. Burns
C. Malnutrition
How many liters of lymph is generated per day?
A. 3 L per day, 100 ml/hr in resting human
B. 5 L per day, 150 ml/hr in resting human
C. 2 L per day, 50 ml/hr rate in resting human
D. 4 L per day, 120 ml/hr in resting human
A. 3 L per day, 100 ml/hr in resting human
Which of the following pressures forces the fluid out of the capillary?
A. absolute
B. hydrostatic
C. gauge
D. osmotic
B. hydrostatic
