B4 - Organising Animals And Plants Flashcards
Multi-Cellular Organisms with a _____ Surface Area to ______ Ratio often have Specialised Transport Systems.
Small…Volume…
What does the Human Circulatory System consist of?
Blood, Blood Vessels and Heart.
Blood is based on a Liquid called ______.
Plasma.
Plasma carries Red and White _____ Cells, and Platelets.
Blood.
Blood Plasma is a ______ Liquid.
Yellow.
Plasma has _____ Cells suspended inside it.
Blood.
Plasma transports ________ and other Chemicals around the body.
Proteins.
Waste Carbon _______ produced by the Plasma is carried to the Lungs for Respiration (_________).
Dioxide…Breathing…
Red Blood ______ carry Oxygen from the air to Cells in the body.
Cells.
Red Blood Cells are shaped as Discs which _______ their Surface _____ to Volume _____ for Diffusion.
Increase…Area…Ratio…
Red Blood Cells are packed with something called Haemoglobin that binds to ______.
Oxygen.
Red Blood Cells have no _______, making more space for Haemoglobin.
Nucleus.
White Blood Cells are much ______ than Red Blood Cells but there are fewer of them.
Bigger.
White Blood Cells have a _______ and form part of the bodies Defence ______ against harmful Micro-Organisms.
Nucleus…System…
___________ form Anti-Bodies against harmful Micro-Organisms.
Lymphocytes.
__________ engulf and digest invading Bacteria and Viruses.
Phagocytes.
Platelets have __ Nucleus and are important in helping the Blood to ____ at a Wound.
No…Clot…
White Blood Cells help to protect the body against _________.
Infection.
_____ Clotting protects the new Skin as it grows and stops any ________ entering the Body through the Wound.
Blood…Bacteria…
Which three ways is Blood carried around the body?
Through the Arteries, Veins and Capillaries.
Arteries carry Blood away from the Heart to the ______ in the Body.
Organs.
How do Arteries force Blood through them?
By Stretching.
Arteries have thick _____ containing _______ and Elastic Fibres.
Walls…Muscles…
Veins carry _____ away from the Organs towards the _____.
Blood…Heart…
Veins __ ___ have a Pulse.
Do Not.
Veins have much thinner Walls than ________.
Arteries.
Veins have valves which control the amount of _____ getting towards the Heart.
Blood.
Capillaries form a network of tiny _______ which link to the Arteries and Veins.
Vessels.
Capillaries are narrow with very ____ Walls.
Thins.
Capillaries enable Glucose and Oxygen to diffuse easily out of your _____ towards Cells.
Blood.
Substances produced by Cells pass easily into the _____ through the ____ Walls of the Capillaries.
Blood…Thin…
Human Beings have a double ___________ System.
Circulatory.
The first Transport System carries _____ from the Heart to the Lungs then back again allowing Oxygen and Carbon _______ to be exchanged with the Air.
Blood…Dioxide…
The second Transport System carries _____ from the Heart to all the other Organs in the body and back again.
Blood.
Walls of the _____ are made up of Muscle. This Muscle is supplies with _______ by the Coronary Arteries.
Heart…Oxygen…
Blood enters the top chambers of the _____, which are called the Atria.
Heart.
Blood coming into the Right ______ from the Vena Cava is De-Oxygenated Blood from the Body.
Atrium.
Blood coming into the Left ______ in the Pulmonary Vein is Oxygenated Blood from the Lungs.
Atrium.
The Atria contract together as you breathe and force _____ down into the Ventricles.
Blood.
The Right Ventricle forces De-Oxygenated _____ to the Lungs in the Pulmonary Artery.
Blood.
The Left Ventricle pumps Oxygenated _____ around the Body in a big ______ called the Aorta.
Blood…Artery…
The Muscle Wall of the Left ________ is Thicker than the Wall of the _____ Ventricle.
Ventricle…Right…
In Coronary _____ Disease, the Coronary Arteries that supply _____ to the Heart Muscles become Narrow.
Heart…Blood…
Doctors solve the problem of ________ Heart Disease by using a Stent.
Coronary.
A Stent is a Metal Mesh that is placed in the ______.
Artery.
Stents can be used to keep Narrowed or Blocked __________ open.
Arteries.
Having a Stent is __________ and risky.
Expensive.
Doctors prescribe Statins for anyone in risk of Cardio-Vascular _______.
Disease.
Statins reduce Cholesterol Levels in the _____, reducing the risk of Coronary _____ Disease.
Blood…Heart…
Heart Valves have to withstand a lot of ________.
Pressure.
Over time, _____ Valves may start to leak and not open fully which makes the Heart less efficient.
Heart.
Doctors can operate faulty Heart Valves by replacing them with Mechanical ______.
Valves.
Mechanical Valves are made up of ________ (a Metal).
Titanium.
Damaged _____ Valves can be replaced using Biological ______ as well.
Heart…Valves…
The resting Heart Rate is controlled by a group of _____ in the Right ______ that form a Natural Peacemaker.
Cells…Atrium…
Artificial Peacemakers are Electrical Devices used to correct faults in the ______ Rhythm.
Heart.
Artificial Hearts are occasionally used to keep Patients alive while they wait for a __________, or for their Heart to rest and recover.
Transplant.
There is a High Risk of Blood _______ in an Artificial Heart.
Clotting.
For a ___ Exchange to work you need a large Difference on Concentrations of the Gas on different _____ of the Exchange Membrane.
Gas…Sides…
Lungs are found in the Chest (______) and are seperated from the Digestive ______ by the Diaphragm.
Thorax…Organs…
Breathing in diffuses the ______ into the Bloodstream through the ___ Exchange surfaces of the Alveoli.
Oxygen…Gas…
Breathing out removes ______ Dioxide from the Lungs.
Carbon.
Lungs are specially adapted to make Gas ________ more efficient.
Exchange.
Lungs are made up of clusters of _______ that provide a very large Surface Area.
Alveoli.
The Alveoli have a rich supply of _____ Capillaries.
Blood.
Gases can Diffuse in and out of the _____ as efficiently as possible due to the rich supply of Blood ___________.
Blood…Capillaries…
Specialised _____ in Multi-Cellular Plants are organised into Tissues and ______.
Cells…Organs…
Epidermal _______ cover surfaces of Plants and protect them.
Tissues.
Palisade Mesophyll tissues contains a lot of ___________, which carry out Photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts.
Spongy Mesophyll ________ contain some Chloroplasts for Photosynthesis but also have a large surface area and space for Diffusion.
Tissues.
What are the Transport Tissues in the Plants?
Xylem and Phloem Cells.
______ Cells carry water from the Roots up to Leaves.
Xylem.
______ Cells carry dissolved food from the Leaves around the Plant.
Phloem.
What is the Meristem Tissue made up of?
Rapidly dividing Plant Cells.
In Plants, Specialised _______ are arranged to form ______.
Tissues…Organs…
The Root, Stem and _______ of a Plant form an Organ System to Transport Substances around the Plant.
Leaves.
Phloem Tissues transport sugars made by Photosynthesis from the ______ to the rest of the Plant.
Leaves.
Plants have two separate ________ systems.
Transport.
The movement of dissolved sugars from the ______ to the rest of the _____ is called Translocation.
Leaves…Plant…
Xylem Tissues transport _____ and mineral Ions from the Roots to the Stem and Leaves.
Water.
What do Phloem Cells move?
Food.
What do Xylem Cells move?
Water and Mineral Ions.
All over the ____ Surface are small openings known as Stomata.
Leaf.
The Stomata can be opened when the Plants needs ___ to get into the Leaves.
Air.
The opening and closing of the _______ is controlled by the Guard _____.
Stomata…Cells…
When the Stomata are open, Plants _____ Water vapour.
Lose.
The loss of _____ Vapour is known as Transpiration.
Water.
When Water Vapour is lost through the Stomata, they open to let in Carbon _______ for Photosynthesis.
Dioxide.
The Stomata and _____ Cells control Gas Exchange and Water loss.
Guard.
Different __________ affect the rate of Transpiration.
Conditions.
What are the Factors that affect the Rate of Transpiration?
Temperature, Humidity and Light Intensity.
Anything that increase the Rate of _____synthesis will increase the Rate of _____________.
Photo…Transpiration…
In what conditions is Transpiration more rapid?
Hot, Dry (Arid) and Bright Conditions.
What is the waxy Waterproof layer of the Leaf called?
The Cuticle.
Most Stomata are found under the ____ so it can avoid direct sunlight.
Leaf.
If a Plant starts to lose Water it will:
Start to Wilt and the Stomata will close.
Which Apparatus do you need to investigate the effect of the Rate of Transpiration?
A Potometer.
