B14 - Genetics And Evolution Flashcards
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by __________ Selection is widely accepted as the Best Explanation of the Living World.
Natural.
Fossils are the Remains of ______________ from Millions of Years Ago.
Organisms.
Where are Fossils found.
Rocks and Ice.
A Fossil can be formed when an Animal or Plant doesn’t _______ after it Dies, this could be due to little __________.
Decay…Oxygen…
Many Fossils are formed when Harder parts of the Animal or Plant are replaced by ___________ as they _______ and become part of the Rock.
Minerals…Decay…
Many Early Life-Forms were Soft-Bodied ____________.
Organisms.
Most Organisms that Died did not become _____________.
Fossilised.
How is a Fossil formed (4 Steps)?
- The Reptile Dies.
- The Flesh Rots.
- Over Millions of Years, the Skeleton becomes Mineralised and turns to Rock.
- The Fossil Emerges as Rocks move.
Throughout the History of Life on Earth, Scientists estimate that about __ Billion different __________ have Existed.
4…Species…
Extinction is the Permanent _____ of all the Members of the ___________.
Loss…Species…
As Conditions Change, New Species _________ that are better suited to _________ the New Conditions.
Evolve…Survive…
How is Extinction caused?
- New Predators/Diseases.
- Change in Temperature.
- Catastrophic Events.
New Predators can wipe out unsuspecting _____ Animals very Quickly if the Prey Animals don’t have _______________ to avoid them.
Prey…Adaptations…
New Diseases can bring a Species to the point of _____________.
Extinction.
One Species can cause another to become Extinct by Successful _______________.
Competition.
The Biggest Influences on Survival are the Changes in the _______________.
Environment.
An Example of Geological Time.
The Ice Age.
Changes to the __________ or Environment have been the Main Cause of Extinction through History.
Climate.
What is a Cause of a Mass Extinction?
A Single Catastrophic Event.
Scientists agreed that around ___ Million Years Ago, an Asteroid Collision wiped out the Dinosaurs.
65.
Some Bacteria develop ______________ to Antibodies.
Resistance.
What is a Natural Mutation?
Change in Genetic Material.
Natural Mutations happen by Chance and Produce New Strains of ___________ by Natural ____________.
Bacteria…Selection…
Bacteria can __________ Rapidly because they _____________ at a Fast Rate.
Evolve…Reproduce…
Individual Resistant Bacteria Survive and _______________, so the Population of Resistant Bacteria _____________.
Reproduce…Increases…
Antibiotics are no longer Reactive against _____________ Resistant Bacteria.
Individual.
More Types of ____________ are becoming Resistant to more Antibiotics, so Bacterial _____________ are becoming more Difficult to Treat.
Bacteria…Diseases…
Three Ways of Preventing Resistant Strains of Bacteria appearing:
- Overusing Antibiotics.
- Finishing your course of Medicine if you are required the Antibiotic.
- Restricting the Agricultural use of Antibiotics.
Hospitals use a lot of Antibiotics to Treat ____________.
Infections.
Some Bacteria in Hospitals are Resistant to many ______________.
Antibiotics.
______ is Resistant to Antibiotics.
MRSA.
______________ should only be used when they are needed.
Antibiotics.
Specific Bacteria should be Treated with Specific ______________.
Antibiotics.
Hospitals should have High Standards of ____________.
Hygiene.
Scientists are Constantly looking for New _____________.
Antibiotics.
It is Difficult to find Chemicals that Kill ___________ without damaging Human ______.
Bacteria…Cells…
Penicillin and other Antibiotics are made from ____________________.
Microorganisms.
The Development of New Antibiotics is _______________ and is unlikely to keep up with the Emergence of New Resistant ________.
Expensive…Strains…
Classification is the ________________ of Living Things into Groups according to their Similarities.
Organisation.
Biologists Classify ______________ to make it easier to Study them.
Organisms.
Classification begin in the 18th Century with Carl ___________, a Swedish Botanist (Plant Biologist).
Linnaeus.
Carl Linnaeus Grouped Organisms together depending on their ____________ and Characteristics.
Structure.
What is the Linnaean System also known as?
The Natural Classification System.
Linnaeus Classified Organisms into the following Groups:
___________, Phylum, Class, _______, Family, Genus, and _________.
Kingdom…Order…Species…
What the Scientific Name for Human Beings?
Homo Sapiens.
