B12 - Reproduction Flashcards
What are the two different ways of Reproducing?
Asexual and Sexual Reproduction.
It is during Reproduction that ________ Information in the Chromosomes is past from _______ to their Offspring.
Genetic…Parents…
Asexual Reproduction only involves one _______.
Parent.
How do Cells Divide?
By Mitosis.
What is another word for ‘Joining’ in Reproduction?
Fusion.
What is another word for Special Sex Cells in Reproduction?
Gametes.
With Asexual Reproduction, there is no Fusion (_______) of Gametes (______ Sex Cells) and so there is no mixing of Genetic Information.
Joining…Special…
Asexual Reproduction is very common in Fungi and ________.
Bacteria.
With Asexual Reproduction, there is only ___ Parent.
One.
Sexual Reproduction involves a ____ Sex Cell and Female ___ ____ from Two Parents.
Male…Sex Cell…
Mitosis is only involved in ________ Reproduction.
Asexual.
Sexual Reproduction involves Joining (______) of Male and Female Gametes (_______ ___ _____) formed by MEIOSIS.
Fusion…Special Sex Cells…
What three things does Meiosis lead to the formation of?
Non-Identical Cells, Sperm and Egg Cells (in Animals) and Pollen and Egg Cells (in Plants).
In Sexual Reproduction, there is a mixing of Genetic _________ which leads to a Variation in the offspring.
Information.
Mitosis is a form of Cell ________.
Division.
Mitosis takes place in Tissues all over the ____ and whenever Organisms _________ Asexually.
Body…Reproduce…
Meiosis takes place in the reproductive Organs of Animals and ______.
Plants.
What are the two reproductive Organs in Humans?
Ovaries and Testes.
What does Meiosis result in?
Gametes (Sex Cells).
Female Gametes are made in the ________.
Ovaries.
Male Gametes are made in the ______.
Testes.
Body Cells have ___ sets of Chromosomes, Gametes have only ___ set.
Two…One…
What are Gametes formed by?
Meiosis.
When a Cell divides to form a Gamete, the Genetic ___________ is copied.
Information.
Each __________ forms a pair of Chromatids.
Chromosome.
When a Cell _______ to form Gametes, the Cell divides in quick succession to form ____ Gametes, each with a Single Set of Chromosomes.
Divides…Four…
Each Gamete produced in Reproduction is ________ from the rest.
Different.
Gametes contain random mixtures of the Original __________, which introduces Variation.
Chromosome.
How many Chromosomes does an Egg and a Sperm Cell have?
23 Chromosomes.
When two ___ Cells join during Fertilisation, the Single new Cell formed has a full set of Chromosomes
Sex.
What is the correct number of Chromosomes in a Human Body?
46 Chromosomes (23 Pairs).
Cells differentiate as the _______ develops.
Embryo.
In Asexual Reproduction, Offspring are produced as a result of _______ from the Parent Cells (_________)
Mitosis…Gametes…
In ________ Reproduction, Gametes are produced by _______ in the Sex Organs of Parents.
Sexual…Meiosis…
In Animals and Plants, Chromosomes always come in _____.
Pairs.
Inside the Nuclei of your Cells, your ___________ are up of long molecules called ___.
Chromosomes…DNA…
DNA is a ________.
Polymer.
Genes are small sections of ___.
DNA.
Each Chromosome contains thousands of _____.
Genes.
The Genome of an Organism is the entire Genetic Material of the ________.
Organism.
Mitochondria contains its own ___.
DNA.
DNA is made up of Two strands which form a ______ Helix.
Double.
Each Gene codes for a particular sequence of Amino _____ to make a specific Protein.
Acids.
The Human Genome has been studied by __________ and this will have great importance on Medicine for the Future.
Scientists.
Chromosomes carry Genetic ___________ in the form of Genes.
Information.
Genes have different forms called _______.
Alleles.
Each Allele codes for a different _______.
Protein.
A Homozygote is an individual with two __________ Alleles for a Characteristics.
Identical.
A Heterozygote is an ____________ with different Characteristics.
Individual.
A Genotype describes the _________ that are present or Genetic ________ of an individual regarding a particular Characteristic.
Alleles…Makeup…
A Phenotype describes the _________ appearance of an individual regarding a particular Characteristic.
Physical.
A Gene is a ‘position’ on the ____________.
Chromosome.
An Allele is the particular form of information in that ‘position’ of the Gene on an Individual ____________.
Chromosome.
Alleles present in an Individual, known as the ________, work at the level of the DNA Molecules to control the Proteins being made.
Genotype.
A Dominant Allele is always expressed in the __________.
Phenotype.
A Recessive Allele is only expressed if there are ___ copies.
Two.
Most Characteristics are the result of multiple Genes interacting, rather than a single _____.
Gene.
In Females, the Sex Chromosome is shown as ___.
XX.
In Males, the Sex Chromosome is shown as ____.
XY.
Disorders are as a result of changes in our ______.
Genes.
Two types of Genetic Disorders (Inherited Disorders):
Polydactyl and Cystic Fibrosis.
What is Polydactyly?
Being born with extra fingers or toes.
Polydactyly is formed by a __________ Allele.
Dominant.
What is Cystic Fibrosis a Disorder of?
Cell Membranes.
Cystic Fibrosis must be inherited from both ________.
Parents.
Cystic Fibrosis is caused by a __________ Allele.
Recessive.
What are Scientists working on to reduce Genetic Disorders?
Gene Replacement.
Is there are way of curing Genetic Disorders now?
No.
Genetic Tests are now available to show people if they carry a Faulty ______.
Allele.
It is possible to Screen Embryos and Foetuses during Pregnancy for _________ that cause Inherited Disorders.
Alleles.
Embryos can be screened before they are implanted in the Mother during In Vitro Fertilisation (___).
IVF.
__ ______ ____________ (IVF) raises Ethical Issues.
In Vitro Fertilisation.
Which Two Cells are used to identify Genetic Disorders?
Embryo and Fetal Cell.
What are the Two methods of Screening Embryos during Pregnancy?
Amniocentesis and Chorionic Villus Sampling.
