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Biology > B12 - Reproduction > Flashcards

B12 - Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two different ways of Reproducing?

A

Asexual and Sexual Reproduction.

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2
Q

It is during Reproduction that ________ Information in the Chromosomes is past from _______ to their Offspring.

A

Genetic…Parents…

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3
Q

Asexual Reproduction only involves one _______.

A

Parent.

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4
Q

How do Cells Divide?

A

By Mitosis.

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5
Q

What is another word for ‘Joining’ in Reproduction?

A

Fusion.

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6
Q

What is another word for Special Sex Cells in Reproduction?

A

Gametes.

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7
Q

With Asexual Reproduction, there is no Fusion (_______) of Gametes (______ Sex Cells) and so there is no mixing of Genetic Information.

A

Joining…Special…

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8
Q

Asexual Reproduction is very common in Fungi and ________.

A

Bacteria.

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9
Q

With Asexual Reproduction, there is only ___ Parent.

A

One.

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10
Q

Sexual Reproduction involves a ____ Sex Cell and Female ___ ____ from Two Parents.

A

Male…Sex Cell…

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11
Q

Mitosis is only involved in ________ Reproduction.

A

Asexual.

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12
Q

Sexual Reproduction involves Joining (______) of Male and Female Gametes (_______ ___ _____) formed by MEIOSIS.

A

Fusion…Special Sex Cells…

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13
Q

What three things does Meiosis lead to the formation of?

A

Non-Identical Cells, Sperm and Egg Cells (in Animals) and Pollen and Egg Cells (in Plants).

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14
Q

In Sexual Reproduction, there is a mixing of Genetic _________ which leads to a Variation in the offspring.

A

Information.

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15
Q

Mitosis is a form of Cell ________.

A

Division.

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16
Q

Mitosis takes place in Tissues all over the ____ and whenever Organisms _________ Asexually.

A

Body…Reproduce…

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17
Q

Meiosis takes place in the reproductive Organs of Animals and ______.

A

Plants.

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18
Q

What are the two reproductive Organs in Humans?

A

Ovaries and Testes.

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19
Q

What does Meiosis result in?

A

Gametes (Sex Cells).

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20
Q

Female Gametes are made in the ________.

A

Ovaries.

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21
Q

Male Gametes are made in the ______.

A

Testes.

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22
Q

Body Cells have ___ sets of Chromosomes, Gametes have only ___ set.

A

Two…One…

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23
Q

What are Gametes formed by?

A

Meiosis.

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24
Q

When a Cell divides to form a Gamete, the Genetic ___________ is copied.

A

Information.

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25
Q

Each __________ forms a pair of Chromatids.

A

Chromosome.

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26
Q

When a Cell _______ to form Gametes, the Cell divides in quick succession to form ____ Gametes, each with a Single Set of Chromosomes.

A

Divides…Four…

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27
Q

Each Gamete produced in Reproduction is ________ from the rest.

A

Different.

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28
Q

Gametes contain random mixtures of the Original __________, which introduces Variation.

A

Chromosome.

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29
Q

How many Chromosomes does an Egg and a Sperm Cell have?

A

23 Chromosomes.

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30
Q

When two ___ Cells join during Fertilisation, the Single new Cell formed has a full set of Chromosomes

A

Sex.

31
Q

What is the correct number of Chromosomes in a Human Body?

A

46 Chromosomes (23 Pairs).

32
Q

Cells differentiate as the _______ develops.

A

Embryo.

33
Q

In Asexual Reproduction, Offspring are produced as a result of _______ from the Parent Cells (_________)

A

Mitosis…Gametes…

34
Q

In ________ Reproduction, Gametes are produced by _______ in the Sex Organs of Parents.

A

Sexual…Meiosis…

35
Q

In Animals and Plants, Chromosomes always come in _____.

A

Pairs.

36
Q

Inside the Nuclei of your Cells, your ___________ are up of long molecules called ___.

A

Chromosomes…DNA…

37
Q

DNA is a ________.

A

Polymer.

38
Q

Genes are small sections of ___.

A

DNA.

39
Q

Each Chromosome contains thousands of _____.

A

Genes.

40
Q

The Genome of an Organism is the entire Genetic Material of the ________.

A

Organism.

41
Q

Mitochondria contains its own ___.

A

DNA.

42
Q

DNA is made up of Two strands which form a ______ Helix.

A

Double.

43
Q

Each Gene codes for a particular sequence of Amino _____ to make a specific Protein.

A

Acids.

44
Q

The Human Genome has been studied by __________ and this will have great importance on Medicine for the Future.

A

Scientists.

45
Q

Chromosomes carry Genetic ___________ in the form of Genes.

A

Information.

46
Q

Genes have different forms called _______.

A

Alleles.

47
Q

Each Allele codes for a different _______.

A

Protein.

48
Q

A Homozygote is an individual with two __________ Alleles for a Characteristics.

A

Identical.

49
Q

A Heterozygote is an ____________ with different Characteristics.

A

Individual.

50
Q

A Genotype describes the _________ that are present or Genetic ________ of an individual regarding a particular Characteristic.

A

Alleles…Makeup…

51
Q

A Phenotype describes the _________ appearance of an individual regarding a particular Characteristic.

A

Physical.

52
Q

A Gene is a ‘position’ on the ____________.

A

Chromosome.

53
Q

An Allele is the particular form of information in that ‘position’ of the Gene on an Individual ____________.

A

Chromosome.

54
Q

Alleles present in an Individual, known as the ________, work at the level of the DNA Molecules to control the Proteins being made.

A

Genotype.

55
Q

A Dominant Allele is always expressed in the __________.

A

Phenotype.

56
Q

A Recessive Allele is only expressed if there are ___ copies.

A

Two.

57
Q

Most Characteristics are the result of multiple Genes interacting, rather than a single _____.

A

Gene.

58
Q

In Females, the Sex Chromosome is shown as ___.

A

XX.

59
Q

In Males, the Sex Chromosome is shown as ____.

A

XY.

60
Q

Disorders are as a result of changes in our ______.

A

Genes.

61
Q

Two types of Genetic Disorders (Inherited Disorders):

A

Polydactyl and Cystic Fibrosis.

62
Q

What is Polydactyly?

A

Being born with extra fingers or toes.

63
Q

Polydactyly is formed by a __________ Allele.

A

Dominant.

64
Q

What is Cystic Fibrosis a Disorder of?

A

Cell Membranes.

65
Q

Cystic Fibrosis must be inherited from both ________.

A

Parents.

66
Q

Cystic Fibrosis is caused by a __________ Allele.

A

Recessive.

67
Q

What are Scientists working on to reduce Genetic Disorders?

A

Gene Replacement.

68
Q

Is there are way of curing Genetic Disorders now?

A

No.

69
Q

Genetic Tests are now available to show people if they carry a Faulty ______.

A

Allele.

70
Q

It is possible to Screen Embryos and Foetuses during Pregnancy for _________ that cause Inherited Disorders.

A

Alleles.

71
Q

Embryos can be screened before they are implanted in the Mother during In Vitro Fertilisation (___).

A

IVF.

72
Q

__ ______ ____________ (IVF) raises Ethical Issues.

A

In Vitro Fertilisation.

73
Q

Which Two Cells are used to identify Genetic Disorders?

A

Embryo and Fetal Cell.

74
Q

What are the Two methods of Screening Embryos during Pregnancy?

A

Amniocentesis and Chorionic Villus Sampling.

Biology (18 decks)

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