B4 - It's A Green World Flashcards
1
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
What are the disadvantages of biological control?
A
Predator might not eat pest. May eat useful species. Predators population may increase and get out of control. Predator might not stay in area it is needed.
2
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
How can farmers use herbicides to intensively farm?
A
To kill weeds. This means more of Suns energy falling on fields goes to crops and not other competing plants that aren’t wanted.
3
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
What does turgid mean?
A
When a plant cell is well watered and plump or swollen.
4
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
Temperature - warmer decays faster due to speeding up respiration in microorganism so. Amount of water - faster when moist. Amount of oxygen - decay faster when available, micro organisms need to respire aerobically.
A
What three things does the rate of decay depend on?
5
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
How and why do the stomata open and close automatically?
A
Close when water supply in roots dries up. Guard cells have special kidney shape which closes/opens when guard cells become flaccid/turgid. Thin outer walls and thick inner walls makes function properly. Open allows gases for photosynthesis. Sensitive to light - open in day, close night to conserve water
6
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
Lots of fertilisers need to be added. No soil to anchor roots and support plant.
A
What are the disadvantages of hydroponics?
7
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
What does crenation mean?
A
If a cell loses too much water it completely shrivells up.
8
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
What happens to the rate of decay at optimum conditions?
A
Microorganisms grow and reproduce faster meaning there’ll be more of them to decay organisms.
9
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
Populations of different species in a habitat
A
What is the community?
10
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
Gradual change in distribution of species across a habitat.
A
What is zonation?
11
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
What is zonation?
A
Gradual change in distribution of species across a habitat.
12
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
What is the population?
A
All organisms of one species in a habitat
13
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
What is biodiversity?
A
A measure of variety of life in an area.
14
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
Describe a stem cross section…
A
Stems need to resist bending. The xylem forms a sort of ‘scaffolding’. Phloem is always around outside of stem.
15
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
Using living things instead of chemicals to control a pest.
A
What is biological control?
16
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
Increased light intensity, increased temperature, increased air movement, decrease in air humidity.
A
What 4 factors increase transpiration?
17
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
How does adding sugar or salt reduce the rate of decay?
A
If there’s a high concentration of salt or sugar around decomposers they’ll lose water by osmosis. This damages them and mean they can’t work properly. Things like tuna and olives are often stored in brine.
18
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
To help enzymes needed for photosynthesis and respiration. If there’s not enough potassium in soil, plants have poor flowers/fruit growth and discoloured leaves.
A
What is potassium useful for in plants?
19
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
What are the benefits of transpiration?
A
Constant stream of water keeps plant cool. Provides constant supply of water for photosynthesis. Water creates turgor pressure which helps to support it. Minerals can be brought in.
20
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
What is potassium useful for in plants?
A
To help enzymes needed for photosynthesis and respiration. If there’s not enough potassium in soil, plants have poor flowers/fruit growth and discoloured leaves.
21
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
Why do plants need magnesium?
A
Magnesium is one of most significant (but not in biggest amounts). Required for making chlorophyll for photosynthesis. Plants without enough magnesium have yellow leaves
22
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
Food lasts longer in freezer because decomposers can’t reproduce at all at such low temperatures.
A
How does freezing reduce the rate of decay?
23
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
What do Xylem Vessels do?
A
Carry water and minerals from roots up shoot to leaves in transpiration stream.
24
Q
B4 - It’s A Green World
Loss of water from a plant.
A
What is transpiration?
25
# B4 - It's A Green World
What controls the stomata and when they open/close?
Guard cells
26
# B4 - It's A Green World
Magnesium is one of most significant (but not in biggest amounts). Required for making chlorophyll for photosynthesis. Plants without enough magnesium have yellow leaves
Why do plants need magnesium?
27
# B4 - It's A Green World
Close when water supply in roots dries up. Guard cells have special kidney shape which closes/opens when guard cells become flaccid/turgid. Thin outer walls and thick inner walls makes function properly. Open allows gases for photosynthesis. Sensitive to light - open in day, close night to conserve water
How and why do the stomata open and close automatically?
28
# B4 - It's A Green World
Making cell walls
What is cellulose used for?
29
# B4 - It's A Green World
Square frame allows you to study a small area and scale up findings to make an estimate for a larger area.
What is a quadrat used for?
30
# B4 - It's A Green World
Why are organic fertilisers used?
Recycles nutrients left in plants and animal waste. Doesn't work as well as artificial fertiliser but better for environment.
31
# B4 - It's A Green World
Physically removing weeds rather than spraying herbicide. More labour intensive but no chemicals involved.
How does weeding help organic farmers?
32
# B4 - It's A Green World
What methods are used to reduce the rate of decay?
Canning, cooling, freezing, drying, adding salt/sugar, and adding vinegar.
33
# B4 - It's A Green World
Upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll layer, spongy mesophyll layer and lower epidermis
What are the four layers in a leaf?
34
# B4 - It's A Green World
Number of 1st sample x number in 2nd sample ÷ number in 2nd sample previously marked
How do you calculate population size?
35
# B4 - It's A Green World
Guard cells
What controls the stomata and when they open/close?
36
# B4 - It's A Green World
What are the advantages of hydroponics?
Mineral levels can be controlled more accurately. Disease can be controlled more effectively.
37
# B4 - It's A Green World
Woodlands and lakes
Give two examples of natural eco systems…
38
# B4 - It's A Green World
Another method of intensive farming where plants are grown in nutrient solutions instead of soil. Often used to grow glasshouse tomatoes on commercial scale, as well as grow plants in areas with barren soil.
What is hydroponics?
39
# B4 - It's A Green World
No changes in population size due to deaths, immigration or emigration. Sampling method was set up same way each time. Markings haven't affected animal's chance of survival.
What assumptions have to be made when using capture and recapture?
40
# B4 - It's A Green World
What are the advantages of biological control?
No chemicals used, so less pollution, disruption to food chains and risk to people. No need to keep repeating treatment.
41
# B4 - It's A Green World
What assumptions have to be made when using capture and recapture?
No changes in population size due to deaths, immigration or emigration. Sampling method was set up same way each time. Markings haven't affected animal's chance of survival.
42
# B4 - It's A Green World
What is active transport?
Uses energy from respiration to help plant pull minerals into root hair against concentration gradient - from low concentrations to high concentrations.
43
# B4 - It's A Green World
Growing crops in cycle. Stops pest and diseases for one crop building up - stops nutrients running out. Most crop rotations include nitrogen fixing crop like legumes - put nitrates back into soil.
What is crop rotation in organic farming?
44
# B4 - It's A Green World
How does cooling reduce the rate of decay?
Putting food in a fridge slows down decay because it slows decomposers' reproduction rate.
45
# B4 - It's A Green World
What is a plasmolysed cell?
If plant is short of water, cytoplasm starts to shrink and membrane pulls away from cell wall - but inelastic cell wall keeps things in position, just droops a bit.
46
# B4 - It's A Green World
What three things does the rate of decay depend on?
Temperature - warmer decays faster due to speeding up respiration in microorganism so. Amount of water - faster when moist. Amount of oxygen - decay faster when available, micro organisms need to respire aerobically.
47
# B4 - It's A Green World
What does Flaccid mean?
When a plant doesn't get enough water from soil, plant begins to wilt because turgid pressure no longer there.
48
# B4 - It's A Green World
Give two examples of natural eco systems…
Woodlands and lakes
49
# B4 - It's A Green World
Feed on dead and decaying material (detritus). Examples include earthworms, maggots, and wood lice. As these feed on decaying material, they break it up into smaller pieces to give a bigger surface area to speed up decay.
What are detritivores?
50
# B4 - It's A Green World
What is the term for non-living conditions?
Abiotic
51
# B4 - It's A Green World
Abiotic
What is the term for non-living conditions?
52
# B4 - It's A Green World
How is a disease used in biological control?
Myxomatosis - disease which kills rabbits. Myxoma virus released in Australia as biological control when rabbit population grew out of control and ruined crops.
53
# B4 - It's A Green World
For storing in seeds
What are lipids used for?
54
# B4 - It's A Green World
What happens in transpiration?
Caused by evaporation and diffusion of water vapour inside leaves. Creates shortage of water in leaf so more water is drawn up through xylem vessels. More water is drawn up through roots so there is a constant transpiration stream through plant.
55
# B4 - It's A Green World
What are detritivores?
Feed on dead and decaying material (detritus). Examples include earthworms, maggots, and wood lice. As these feed on decaying material, they break it up into smaller pieces to give a bigger surface area to speed up decay.
56
# B4 - It's A Green World
Organic farmers use less chemicals. Better for environment, less chance of river pollution - no use of pesticides = less wildlife harm. To be classed as organic it needs to follow ethical treatment of animals. No battery farming.
What are the advantages of organic farming?
57
# B4 - It's A Green World
They let carbon dioxide out and oxygen in, whilst also allowing water to escape (transpiration).
How does having stomata adapt a plant for photosynthesis?
58
# B4 - It's A Green World
Transport food - mainly sugars - both up and down stem to growing and storing tissues - movement is known as translocation.
What do phloem tubes do?
59
# B4 - It's A Green World
Vinegar is acidic ad acid kills decomposers.
How does adding vinegar reduce the rate of decay?
60
# B4 - It's A Green World
Describe a root cross section…
Roots have to resist crushing as they push through soil. Xylem in centre to give it strength.
61
# B4 - It's A Green World
Predator might not eat pest. May eat useful species. Predators population may increase and get out of control. Predator might not stay in area it is needed.
What are the disadvantages of biological control?
62
# B4 - It's A Green World
What are saprophytes?
Feed on decaying material by extracellular digestion which means they excrete digestive enzymes on material outside their cells. Enzyme breaks down material into smaller bits which can be absorbed by saprophyte. Many are fungi.
63
# B4 - It's A Green World
Why is glucose turned into starch?
It can't dissolve and move away from storage areas in solution. It doesn’t affect water concentration inside cells - soluble substances would bloat storage cells by drawing in water.
64
# B4 - It's A Green World
A measure of variety of life in an area.
What is biodiversity?
65
# B4 - It's A Green World
Canning, cooling, freezing, drying, adding salt/sugar, and adding vinegar.
What methods are used to reduce the rate of decay?
66
# B4 - It's A Green World
What 3 main minerals do plants need?
Nitrates, phosphates and potassium (magnesium in small doses)
67
# B4 - It's A Green World
Respiration, converts it into cellulose, starch, lipids and it is combined with nitrates to make proteins.
What do plants use glucose for?
68
# B4 - It's A Green World
Large surface area allows gases to diffuse
How does being broad adapt a plant for photosynthesis?
69
# B4 - It's A Green World
Sowing seeds later or earlier in season will avoid major pests for that crop. Farmers won't need to use pesticides.
How does varying seed plant times help organic farming?
70
# B4 - It's A Green World
All organisms of one species in a habitat
What is the population?
71
# B4 - It's A Green World
How can farmers use pesticides to intensively farm?
Kills insects that eat crop. This makes sure no energy is transferred into a different food chain. It's all saved for growing crops.
72
# B4 - It's A Green World
Roots have to resist crushing as they push through soil. Xylem in centre to give it strength.
Describe a root cross section…
73
# B4 - It's A Green World
What is biological control?
Using living things instead of chemicals to control a pest.
74
# B4 - It's A Green World
Putting food in a fridge slows down decay because it slows decomposers' reproduction rate.
How does cooling reduce the rate of decay?
75
# B4 - It's A Green World
All organisms living in a particular area as well as non-living conditions such as temperature, salinity and soil quality.
What is an eco system?
76
# B4 - It's A Green World
How can capture and recapture be used to estimate population size?
Capture a sample of population, mark animals harmlessly and release them. Recapture another sample and count how many have marks. Estimate population size using equation.
77
# B4 - It's A Green World
How do you calculate population size?
Number of 1st sample x number in 2nd sample ÷ number in 2nd sample previously marked
78
# B4 - It's A Green World
Carry water and minerals from roots up shoot to leaves in transpiration stream.
What do Xylem Vessels do?
79
# B4 - It's A Green World
What does lysis mean?
If an animal cell takes in too much water it bursts.
80
# B4 - It's A Green World
Animals are kept close together indoors in small pens so they are warm and can't move about. Saves them wasting energy as they move around, and stops them using up so much energy keeping warm.
How can farmers use battery farming to intensively farm?
81
# B4 - It's A Green World
Myxomatosis - disease which kills rabbits. Myxoma virus released in Australia as biological control when rabbit population grew out of control and ruined crops.
How is a disease used in biological control?
82
# B4 - It's A Green World
How does drying reduce the rate of decay?
Dried food lasts longer because decomposers need water to carry out cell reactions. Lots of fruits are preserved by drying them out, and sometimes meat is too.
83
# B4 - It's A Green World
To kill weeds. This means more of Suns energy falling on fields goes to crops and not other competing plants that aren't wanted.
How can farmers use herbicides to intensively farm?
84
# B4 - It's A Green World
What do plants use glucose for?
Respiration, converts it into cellulose, starch, lipids and it is combined with nitrates to make proteins.
85
# B4 - It's A Green World
How does being thin adapt a plant for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide and water vapour only have to diffuse a short distance to reach photosynthesising cells.
86
# B4 - It's A Green World
Certain types of wasps and flies produce larvae which develop on/inside host insect. Eventually kills insect host. Lots of insects have parasites like this.
How is a parasite used in biological control?
87
# B4 - It's A Green World
Kills insects that eat crop. This makes sure no energy is transferred into a different food chain. It's all saved for growing crops.
How can farmers use pesticides to intensively farm?
88
# B4 - It's A Green World
It can't dissolve and move away from storage areas in solution. It doesn’t affect water concentration inside cells - soluble substances would bloat storage cells by drawing in water.
Why is glucose turned into starch?
89
# B4 - It's A Green World
How does having air spaces benefit a leaf for photosynthesis?
In spongy mesophyll layer and allow gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen to move between stomata and photosynthesising cells. Means there is a larger surface area for gas exchange - big internal surface area to volume ratio.
90
# B4 - It's A Green World
Contain nitrogen for making amino acids and proteins. Needed for cell growth. If a plant can't get enough nitrates, its growth will be poor and it will have yellow older leaves.
Why are nitrates useful for plants?
91
# B4 - It's A Green World
Why does having guard cells adapt a plant for photosynthesis?
They surround stomata and control when they open and close. This allows guard cells to control gas exchange.
92
# B4 - It's A Green World
Needed for respiration and growth. Contain phosphorous for making DNA and cell membranes. Plants without enough phosphate have poor root growth and discoloured older leaves.
What are phosphates useful for in plants?
93
# B4 - It's A Green World
Trying to produce as much food as possible from land, animals and plants.
What is intensive farming?
94
# B4 - It's A Green World
When a plant doesn't get enough water from soil, plant begins to wilt because turgid pressure no longer there.
What does Flaccid mean?
95
# B4 - It's A Green World
How does weeding help organic farmers?
Physically removing weeds rather than spraying herbicide. More labour intensive but no chemicals involved.
96
# B4 - It's A Green World
Mineral levels can be controlled more accurately. Disease can be controlled more effectively.
What are the advantages of hydroponics?
97
# B4 - It's A Green World
Nitrates, phosphates and potassium (magnesium in small doses)
What 3 main minerals do plants need?
98
# B4 - It's A Green World
They surround stomata and control when they open and close. This allows guard cells to control gas exchange.
Why does having guard cells adapt a plant for photosynthesis?
99
# B4 - It's A Green World
What are the disadvantages of hydroponics?
Lots of fertilisers need to be added. No soil to anchor roots and support plant.
100
# B4 - It's A Green World
What is transpiration?
Loss of water from a plant.
101
# B4 - It's A Green World
What are the main effects of intensive farming?
1) removal of hedges destroys natural habitat and can lead to soil erosion. 2) fertilisers can cause eutrophication 3) pesticides disturb food chain 4) people believe it is cruel to animals.
102
# B4 - It's A Green World
If an animal cell takes in too much water it bursts.
What does lysis mean?
103
# B4 - It's A Green World
How does being broad adapt a plant for photosynthesis?
Large surface area allows gases to diffuse
104
# B4 - It's A Green World
What is the word equation for respiration?
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
105
# B4 - It's A Green World
Microorganisms grow and reproduce faster meaning there'll be more of them to decay organisms.
What happens to the rate of decay at optimum conditions?
106
# B4 - It's A Green World
What is osmosis?
Net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration.
107
# B4 - It's A Green World
What is intensive farming?
Trying to produce as much food as possible from land, animals and plants.
108
# B4 - It's A Green World
How is a parasite used in biological control?
Certain types of wasps and flies produce larvae which develop on/inside host insect. Eventually kills insect host. Lots of insects have parasites like this.
109
# B4 - It's A Green World
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
What is the word equation for respiration?
110
# B4 - It's A Green World
By osmosis - root cells grow 'hairs' which stick out into soil. Microscopic hairs give plant a large surface area for absorbing water. Usually a high concentration of water in soil so water is drawn in.
How do root hairs take in water?
111
# B4 - It's A Green World
Dried food lasts longer because decomposers need water to carry out cell reactions. Lots of fruits are preserved by drying them out, and sometimes meat is too.
How does drying reduce the rate of decay?
112
# B4 - It's A Green World
What are phosphates useful for in plants?
Needed for respiration and growth. Contain phosphorous for making DNA and cell membranes. Plants without enough phosphate have poor root growth and discoloured older leaves.
113
# B4 - It's A Green World
What adaptations do plants have to reduce water loss?
Waxy cuticle covering upper epidermis, helps make upper side waterproof. Stomata found on lower surface where it's darker/cooler - slows diffusion. Bigger/more stomata = more water lost so in hot climates have fewer and smaller stomata.
114
# B4 - It's A Green World
How can farmers use battery farming to intensively farm?
Animals are kept close together indoors in small pens so they are warm and can't move about. Saves them wasting energy as they move around, and stops them using up so much energy keeping warm.
115
# B4 - It's A Green World
carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
What are the equations for photosynthesis?
116
# B4 - It's A Green World
If animal doesn't change its prey due to a food shortage, at risk of bio accumulation with pesticide as quantities increase up food chain.
How do pesticides disturb food chains?
117
# B4 - It's A Green World
Waxy cuticle covering upper epidermis, helps make upper side waterproof. Stomata found on lower surface where it's darker/cooler - slows diffusion. Bigger/more stomata = more water lost so in hot climates have fewer and smaller stomata.
What adaptations do plants have to reduce water loss?
118
# B4 - It's A Green World
If there's a high concentration of salt or sugar around decomposers they'll lose water by osmosis. This damages them and mean they can't work properly. Things like tuna and olives are often stored in brine.
How does adding sugar or salt reduce the rate of decay?
119
# B4 - It's A Green World
Recycles nutrients left in plants and animal waste. Doesn't work as well as artificial fertiliser but better for environment.
Why are organic fertilisers used?
120
# B4 - It's A Green World
What are the four layers in a leaf?
Upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll layer, spongy mesophyll layer and lower epidermis
121
# B4 - It's A Green World
Carbon dioxide and water vapour only have to diffuse a short distance to reach photosynthesising cells.
How does being thin adapt a plant for photosynthesis?
122
# B4 - It's A Green World
What do phloem tubes do?
Transport food - mainly sugars - both up and down stem to growing and storing tissues - movement is known as translocation.
123
# B4 - It's A Green World
How does having stomata adapt a plant for photosynthesis?
They let carbon dioxide out and oxygen in, whilst also allowing water to escape (transpiration).
124
# B4 - It's A Green World
Using active transport. Root hairs give a big surface area but concentration of minerals in soil is low. Normal diffusion doesn't happen but active transport does.
How do root hairs take in minerals?
125
# B4 - It's A Green World
What is crop rotation in organic farming?
Growing crops in cycle. Stops pest and diseases for one crop building up - stops nutrients running out. Most crop rotations include nitrogen fixing crop like legumes - put nitrates back into soil.
126
# B4 - It's A Green World
E.g. Aphids are pest - eat vegetables and roses. Ladybirds predate aphids so people release them on fields and gardens to keep numbers down.
How is a predator used in biological control?
127
# B4 - It's A Green World
No chemicals used, so less pollution, disruption to food chains and risk to people. No need to keep repeating treatment.
What are the advantages of biological control?
128
# B4 - It's A Green World
Net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration.
What is osmosis?
129
# B4 - It's A Green World
In spongy mesophyll layer and allow gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen to move between stomata and photosynthesising cells. Means there is a larger surface area for gas exchange - big internal surface area to volume ratio.
How does having air spaces benefit a leaf for photosynthesis?
130
# B4 - It's A Green World
How is a predator used in biological control?
E.g. Aphids are pest - eat vegetables and roses. Ladybirds predate aphids so people release them on fields and gardens to keep numbers down.
131
# B4 - It's A Green World
Feed on decaying material by extracellular digestion which means they excrete digestive enzymes on material outside their cells. Enzyme breaks down material into smaller bits which can be absorbed by saprophyte. Many are fungi.
What are saprophytes?
132
# B4 - It's A Green World
How does varying seed plant times help organic farming?
Sowing seeds later or earlier in season will avoid major pests for that crop. Farmers won't need to use pesticides.
133
# B4 - It's A Green World
1) removal of hedges destroys natural habitat and can lead to soil erosion. 2) fertilisers can cause eutrophication 3) pesticides disturb food chain 4) people believe it is cruel to animals.
What are the main effects of intensive farming?
134
# B4 - It's A Green World
What is a quadrat used for?
Square frame allows you to study a small area and scale up findings to make an estimate for a larger area.
135
# B4 - It's A Green World
What are the advantages of organic farming?
Organic farmers use less chemicals. Better for environment, less chance of river pollution - no use of pesticides = less wildlife harm. To be classed as organic it needs to follow ethical treatment of animals. No battery farming.
136
# B4 - It's A Green World
How do root hairs take in minerals?
Using active transport. Root hairs give a big surface area but concentration of minerals in soil is low. Normal diffusion doesn't happen but active transport does.
137
# B4 - It's A Green World
What is the community?
Populations of different species in a habitat
138
# B4 - It's A Green World
Capture a sample of population, mark animals harmlessly and release them. Recapture another sample and count how many have marks. Estimate population size using equation.
How can capture and recapture be used to estimate population size?
139
# B4 - It's A Green World
How do root hairs take in water?
By osmosis - root cells grow 'hairs' which stick out into soil. Microscopic hairs give plant a large surface area for absorbing water. Usually a high concentration of water in soil so water is drawn in.
140
# B4 - It's A Green World
What is cellulose used for?
Making cell walls
141
# B4 - It's A Green World
Why are nitrates useful for plants?
Contain nitrogen for making amino acids and proteins. Needed for cell growth. If a plant can't get enough nitrates, its growth will be poor and it will have yellow older leaves.
142
# B4 - It's A Green World
How do pesticides disturb food chains?
If animal doesn't change its prey due to a food shortage, at risk of bio accumulation with pesticide as quantities increase up food chain.
143
# B4 - It's A Green World
If plant is short of water, cytoplasm starts to shrink and membrane pulls away from cell wall - but inelastic cell wall keeps things in position, just droops a bit.
What is a plasmolysed cell?
144
# B4 - It's A Green World
What are the equations for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
145
# B4 - It's A Green World
Caused by evaporation and diffusion of water vapour inside leaves. Creates shortage of water in leaf so more water is drawn up through xylem vessels. More water is drawn up through roots so there is a constant transpiration stream through plant.
What happens in transpiration?
146
# B4 - It's A Green World
Uses energy from respiration to help plant pull minerals into root hair against concentration gradient - from low concentrations to high concentrations.
What is active transport?
147
# B4 - It's A Green World
What 4 factors increase transpiration?
Increased light intensity, increased temperature, increased air movement, decrease in air humidity.
148
# B4 - It's A Green World
How does freezing reduce the rate of decay?
Food lasts longer in freezer because decomposers can't reproduce at all at such low temperatures.
149
# B4 - It's A Green World
How does canning reduce the rate of decay?
Food in an airtight can keeps decomposers out.
150
# B4 - It's A Green World
What is hydroponics?
Another method of intensive farming where plants are grown in nutrient solutions instead of soil. Often used to grow glasshouse tomatoes on commercial scale, as well as grow plants in areas with barren soil.
151
# B4 - It's A Green World
What are lipids used for?
For storing in seeds
152
# B4 - It's A Green World
Describe a leaf cross section…
In a leaf xylem and phloem together make up a network of veins. These are needed to support leaves.
153
# B4 - It's A Green World
When a plant cell is well watered and plump or swollen.
What does turgid mean?
154
# B4 - It's A Green World
What is an eco system?
All organisms living in a particular area as well as non-living conditions such as temperature, salinity and soil quality.
155
# B4 - It's A Green World
Constant stream of water keeps plant cool. Provides constant supply of water for photosynthesis. Water creates turgor pressure which helps to support it. Minerals can be brought in.
What are the benefits of transpiration?
156
# B4 - It's A Green World
How does adding vinegar reduce the rate of decay?
Vinegar is acidic ad acid kills decomposers.
157
# B4 - It's A Green World
Food in an airtight can keeps decomposers out.
How does canning reduce the rate of decay?
158
# B4 - It's A Green World
In a leaf xylem and phloem together make up a network of veins. These are needed to support leaves.
Describe a leaf cross section…
159
# B4 - It's A Green World
If a cell loses too much water it completely shrivells up.
What does crenation mean?
160
# B4 - It's A Green World
Net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What is diffusion?
161
# B4 - It's A Green World
Stems need to resist bending. The xylem forms a sort of 'scaffolding'. Phloem is always around outside of stem.
Describe a stem cross section…
162
# B4 - It's A Green World
What is diffusion?
Net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
