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Biology GCSE OCR Gateway B > B1 - Understanding Ourselves > Flashcards

B1 - Understanding Ourselves Flashcards

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1
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Why is cholesterol a cause of heart disease?

A

Cholesterol builds up in arteries. Forms plaque which restricts or blocks blood flow.

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2
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What does heterozygous mean?

A

Having 2 different alleles for a certain characteristic.

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3
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is the job of the pupil?

A

Let light get through to back of eye.

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4
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Where are chromosomes found?

A

In nucleus of a cell

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5
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What are essential amino acids?

A

Ones body cannot make by transamination (22 amino acids, 9 essential).

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6
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Ones body cannot make by transamination (22 amino acids, 9 essential).

A

What are essential amino acids?

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7
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Electrical signals travelling along neurones

A

What are nerve impulses?

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8
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

White blood cells which engulf and then digest pathogens

A

What are Phagocytes?

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9
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Ciliary muscles relax. Suspensory ligaments tighten. Lens becomes more concave (thinner).

A

What does the eye do to see distant objects?

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10
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Having half the number of chromosomes/unpaired (e.g. Gametes)

A

What is a haploid?

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11
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What does recessive mean?

A

The allele that only has an effect when homozygous.

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12
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is active immunity?

A

Body makes its own antibodies following exposure to antigen - either by catching disease or through vaccination.

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13
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Name some Class C drugs…

A

Anabolic steroids and tranquilisers.

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14
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What does the cornea do?

A

Refracts light

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15
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

flu (Influenza)

A

What is an example of a disease caused by viruses?

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16
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Contain all the essential amino acids. Source = animals

A

What are first class proteins?

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17
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is a vector?

A

Animal which carries micro-organisms that cause disease. It is not affected by disease.

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18
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is an example of a disease caused by fungi?

A

Athlete’s foot

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19
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is an example of a disease caused by protozoa?

A

Dysentery

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20
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Convex lens or laser surgery

A

What is the solution for long sightedness?

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21
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Motor Neurones and Sensory Neurones

A

What makes up the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

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22
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is body image?

A

How you feel about yourself - what you see when you look in mirror.

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23
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is a gene?

A

A short length of DNA controlling an organism’s characteristics.

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24
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Animal which carries micro-organisms that cause disease. It is not affected by disease.

A

What is a vector?

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25
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Concave lens or laser surgery

A

What is the solution to short sightedness?

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26
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What can plant hormones be used for comercially?

A

Selective weedkillers, rooting powder, ripening fruit and controlling dormancy.

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27
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Controls fine focus

A

What does the lens do?

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28
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

How quickly heart and breathing rates return to normal after exercise.

A

What is cardiovascular efficiency?

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29
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Blood vessels on surface constrict so less heat can be transferred from blood to surroundings.

A

What is vasoconstriction?

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30
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What factors decrease blood pressure?

A

A balanced diet and regular exercise.

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31
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What are the effects of high blood pressure?

A

Burst blood vessels which can cause a stroke or kidney failure.

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32
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What are reflexes?

A

Fast - shorter distance for impulse to travel. Automatic - no thinking involved.

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33
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What do the ciliary muscles do?

A

Changes shape of lens

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34
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is gibberellin?

A

Hormone which breaks dormancy in plants and allows seeds to germinate.

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35
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is a diploid?

A

Having paired chromosomes (e.g. In the body)

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36
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Where we have antibodies to fight pathogens

A

What is immunity?

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37
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

The allele that has an effect both in homozygous and heterozygous conditions.

A

What does dominant mean?

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38
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Anabolic steroids and tranquilisers.

A

Name some Class C drugs…

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39
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is the systolic reading?

A

High reading - when heart contracts

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40
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What are bases?

A

They determine the type fo gene, depending on the order of them.

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41
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is auxin?

A

Plant hormones which control growth and cause cell elongation.

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42
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Cholera

A

What is an example of a disease caused by bacteria?

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43
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What are the combinations for cystic fibrosis?

A

(recessive disease) CC - normal/disease free Cc - carrier cc - Have cystic fibrosis

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44
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

A different form of the gene for the same characteristic.

A

What is an allele?

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45
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Slow down virus development but do not kill them.

A

What do antivirals do?

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46
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

An organism’s outward appearance.

A

What is a phenotype?

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47
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Heroin, LSD, Ecstasy, Cocaine.

A

Name some Class A drugs…

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48
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is negative phototropism?

A

Roots grow away from light source.

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49
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

How does smoking increase blood pressure?

A

Nicotine increases heart rate. Carbon monoxide binds irreversibly to haemoglobin in red blood cells, reducing oxygen intake and heart beats faster to compensate.

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50
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is a haploid?

A

Having half the number of chromosomes/unpaired (e.g. Gametes)

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51
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is the solution to short sightedness?

A

Concave lens or laser surgery

How well did you know this?
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52
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is passive immunity?

A

Antibody is produced in another animal and then injected into patient.

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53
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Having two identical alleles for a characteristic.

A

What does homozygous mean?

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54
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

0.6 x body mass (kg)

A

How do you calculate Estimated Average daily Requirement (EAR) of protein?

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55
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is an example of a disease caused by viruses?

A

flu (Influenza)

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56
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is positive phototropism?

A

Growing/bending towards light. (Applies to shoot)

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57
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Eating disorders

A

What can poor self image lead to?

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58
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

How do you calculate Estimated Average daily Requirement (EAR) of protein?

A

0.6 x body mass (kg)

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59
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

The allele that only has an effect when homozygous.

A

What does recessive mean?

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60
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Responding to a stimulus

A

What is tropism?

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61
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Name some Class B drugs…

A

Cannabis and Amphetamine (speed)

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62
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

To make seeds germinate at certain times of year.

A

How do commercial farmers use gibberellin?

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63
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What are the effects of low blood pressure?

A

Poor circulation, dizziness and fainting.

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64
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

The genes that an organism contains.

A

What is a genotype?

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65
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What are lymphocytes?

A

White blood cells which produce antibodies which lock on to antigens on outside of pathogen to de-activate them.

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66
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is vasoconstriction?

A

Blood vessels on surface constrict so less heat can be transferred from blood to surroundings.

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67
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Detects the light

A

What does the retina do?

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68
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What can a lack of vitamin C lead to?

A

Scurvy

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69
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

A gap between two neurones

A

What is a synapse?

70
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What does healthy mean?

A

Being free from disease and infection

71
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What does the retina do?

A

Detects the light

72
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Fast - shorter distance for impulse to travel. Automatic - no thinking involved.

A

What are reflexes?

73
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is an example of a disease caused by bacteria?

A

Cholera

74
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Strength, speed, stamina, suppleness (agility/flexibility)

A

What are the 4 S’s?

75
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

How you feel about yourself - what you see when you look in mirror.

A

What is body image?

76
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

High reading - when heart contracts

A

What is the systolic reading?

77
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Low reading - when heart is filling

A

What is the diastolic reading?

78
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Antibody is produced in another animal and then injected into patient.

A

What is passive immunity?

79
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Stimulus, receptor, sensory neurone, CNS (relay neurone), motor neurone, effector, response.

A

What are the stages of the reflex arc?

80
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

mmHg - millimetres of mercury

A

What is blood pressure measured in?

81
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What are the stages of the reflex arc?

A

Stimulus, receptor, sensory neurone, CNS (relay neurone), motor neurone, effector, response.

82
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What are nerve impulses?

A

Electrical signals travelling along neurones

83
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Blood vessels widen allowing more blood to flow near surface so more heat can radiate to surroundings.

A

What is vasodilation?

84
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What are Phagocytes?

A

White blood cells which engulf and then digest pathogens

85
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

They determine the type fo gene, depending on the order of them.

A

What are bases?

86
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is the equation to calculate BMI?

A

body mass ÷ (height)²

87
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Sends messages to brain

A

What does the optic nerve do?

88
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Where is auxin produced?

A

In the tip of the shoot

89
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

(dominant disease) Hh - Have disease hh - Disease-free

A

What are the combinations for Huntington’s disease?

90
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Roots of a plant grow down in response to gravity.

A

What is positive geotropism?

91
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

(recessive disease) CC - normal/disease free Cc - carrier cc - Have cystic fibrosis

A

What are the combinations for cystic fibrosis?

92
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Binocular Vision - Eyes see slightly different images because they are a few cm apart. Brain compares two - more similar, further away object is.

A

How do the eyes judge distance?

93
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What does homozygous mean?

A

Having two identical alleles for a characteristic.

94
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Cholesterol builds up in arteries. Forms plaque which restricts or blocks blood flow.

A

Why is cholesterol a cause of heart disease?

95
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is immunity?

A

Where we have antibodies to fight pathogens

96
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is Transamination?

A

Conversion in liver of one amino acid into another.

97
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Name some Class A drugs…

A

Heroin, LSD, Ecstasy, Cocaine.

98
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is the diastolic reading?

A

Low reading - when heart is filling

99
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Stress, smoking, alcohol, being over weight.

A

What factors increase blood pressure?

100
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is cardiovascular efficiency?

A

How quickly heart and breathing rates return to normal after exercise.

101
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is a phenotype?

A

An organism’s outward appearance.

102
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Burst blood vessels which can cause a stroke or kidney failure.

A

What are the effects of high blood pressure?

103
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Growing/bending towards light. (Applies to shoot)

A

What is positive phototropism?

104
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Where does auxin gather and what happens to the plant?

A

On dark side of plant and causes plant to bend towards light.

105
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is the solution for long sightedness?

A

Convex lens or laser surgery

106
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What do the suspensory ligaments do?

A

Fibres holding lens in position

107
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Cannabis and Amphetamine (speed)

A

Name some Class B drugs…

108
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Nicotine increases heart rate. Carbon monoxide binds irreversibly to haemoglobin in red blood cells, reducing oxygen intake and heart beats faster to compensate.

A

How does smoking increase blood pressure?

109
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What can poor self image lead to?

A

Eating disorders

110
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Having paired chromosomes (e.g. In the body)

A

What is a diploid?

111
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is a synapse?

A

A gap between two neurones

112
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is an allele?

A

A different form of the gene for the same characteristic.

113
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Hormone which breaks dormancy in plants and allows seeds to germinate.

A

What is gibberellin?

114
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What factors increase blood pressure?

A

Stress, smoking, alcohol, being over weight.

115
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

body mass ÷ (height)²

A

What is the equation to calculate BMI?

116
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Proteins which do not contain all essential amino acids. Source = plants

A

What are second class proteins?

117
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Carry impulses from receptor to CNS.

A

What do sensory neurones do?

118
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What are second class proteins?

A

Proteins which do not contain all essential amino acids. Source = plants

119
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Let light get through to back of eye.

A

What is the job of the pupil?

120
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Athlete’s foot

A

What is an example of a disease caused by fungi?

121
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

A short length of DNA controlling an organism’s characteristics.

A

What is a gene?

122
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What are the 4 S’s?

A

Strength, speed, stamina, suppleness (agility/flexibility)

123
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What does the lens do?

A

Controls fine focus

124
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is blood pressure measured in?

A

mmHg - millimetres of mercury

125
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

How do the eyes judge distance?

A

Binocular Vision - Eyes see slightly different images because they are a few cm apart. Brain compares two - more similar, further away object is.

126
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

How well physical tasks can be performed

A

What does fit mean?

127
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is negative geotropism?

A

Shoots grow up against gravity.

128
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What does fit mean?

A

How well physical tasks can be performed

129
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is tropism?

A

Responding to a stimulus

130
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Controls amount of light let through

A

What does the iris do?

131
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What do sensory neurones do?

A

Carry impulses from receptor to CNS.

132
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

White blood cells which produce antibodies which lock on to antigens on outside of pathogen to de-activate them.

A

What are lymphocytes?

133
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Plant hormones which control growth and cause cell elongation.

A

What is auxin?

134
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

A balanced diet and regular exercise.

A

What factors decrease blood pressure?

135
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

How do commercial farmers use gibberellin?

A

To make seeds germinate at certain times of year.

136
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Conversion in liver of one amino acid into another.

A

What is Transamination?

137
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

In nucleus of a cell

A

Where are chromosomes found?

138
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Fibres holding lens in position

A

What do the suspensory ligaments do?

139
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Having 2 different alleles for a certain characteristic.

A

What does heterozygous mean?

140
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What makes up the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

A

Motor Neurones and Sensory Neurones

141
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Refracts light

A

What does the cornea do?

142
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

On dark side of plant and causes plant to bend towards light.

A

Where does auxin gather and what happens to the plant?

143
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What makes up the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

144
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is positive geotropism?

A

Roots of a plant grow down in response to gravity.

145
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Being free from disease and infection

A

What does healthy mean?

146
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Body makes its own antibodies following exposure to antigen - either by catching disease or through vaccination.

A

What is active immunity?

147
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What are first class proteins?

A

Contain all the essential amino acids. Source = animals

148
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What are the combinations for Huntington’s disease?

A

(dominant disease) Hh - Have disease hh - Disease-free

149
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is a genotype?

A

The genes that an organism contains.

150
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What do motor neurones do?

A

Carry impulses from CNS to effector.

151
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Shoots grow up against gravity.

A

What is negative geotropism?

152
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Ciliary muscles contract. Suspensory ligaments slacken. Lens becomes more convex (fatter).

A

What does the eye do to see near objects?

153
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Carry impulses from CNS to effector.

A

What do motor neurones do?

154
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What does the iris do?

A

Controls amount of light let through

155
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Selective weedkillers, rooting powder, ripening fruit and controlling dormancy.

A

What can plant hormones be used for comercially?

156
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What do antivirals do?

A

Slow down virus development but do not kill them.

157
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What does the eye do to see distant objects?

A

Ciliary muscles relax. Suspensory ligaments tighten. Lens becomes more concave (thinner).

158
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Dysentery

A

What is an example of a disease caused by protozoa?

159
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Why is cholesterol even more dangerous in the coronary artery?

A

Increases risk of heart attacks if they have a thrombosis/blood clot.

160
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Brain and Spinal Cord

A

What makes up the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

161
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is vasodilation?

A

Blood vessels widen allowing more blood to flow near surface so more heat can radiate to surroundings.

162
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What does the eye do to see near objects?

A

Ciliary muscles contract. Suspensory ligaments slacken. Lens becomes more convex (fatter).

163
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Changes shape of lens

A

What do the ciliary muscles do?

164
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Poor circulation, dizziness and fainting.

A

What are the effects of low blood pressure?

165
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Roots grow away from light source.

A

What is negative phototropism?

166
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Increases risk of heart attacks if they have a thrombosis/blood clot.

A

Why is cholesterol even more dangerous in the coronary artery?

167
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What does dominant mean?

A

The allele that has an effect both in homozygous and heterozygous conditions.

168
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

In the tip of the shoot

A

Where is auxin produced?

169
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What does the optic nerve do?

A

Sends messages to brain

170
Q

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Scurvy

A

What can a lack of vitamin C lead to?

Biology GCSE OCR Gateway B (6 decks)

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