B1 - Understanding Ourselves Flashcards by Zoe G

B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Why is cholesterol a cause of heart disease?

Cholesterol builds up in arteries. Forms plaque which restricts or blocks blood flow.

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What does heterozygous mean?

Having 2 different alleles for a certain characteristic.

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is the job of the pupil?

Let light get through to back of eye.

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Where are chromosomes found?

In nucleus of a cell

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What are essential amino acids?

Ones body cannot make by transamination (22 amino acids, 9 essential).

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Ones body cannot make by transamination (22 amino acids, 9 essential).

What are essential amino acids?

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Electrical signals travelling along neurones

What are nerve impulses?

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

White blood cells which engulf and then digest pathogens

What are Phagocytes?

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Ciliary muscles relax. Suspensory ligaments tighten. Lens becomes more concave (thinner).

What does the eye do to see distant objects?

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Having half the number of chromosomes/unpaired (e.g. Gametes)

What is a haploid?

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What does recessive mean?

The allele that only has an effect when homozygous.

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is active immunity?

Body makes its own antibodies following exposure to antigen - either by catching disease or through vaccination.

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Name some Class C drugs…

Anabolic steroids and tranquilisers.

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What does the cornea do?

Refracts light

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

flu (Influenza)

What is an example of a disease caused by viruses?

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Contain all the essential amino acids. Source = animals

What are first class proteins?

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is a vector?

Animal which carries micro-organisms that cause disease. It is not affected by disease.

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is an example of a disease caused by fungi?

Athlete’s foot

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is an example of a disease caused by protozoa?

Dysentery

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Convex lens or laser surgery

What is the solution for long sightedness?

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Motor Neurones and Sensory Neurones

What makes up the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is body image?

How you feel about yourself - what you see when you look in mirror.

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

What is a gene?

A short length of DNA controlling an organism’s characteristics.

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B1 - Understanding Ourselves

Animal which carries micro-organisms that cause disease. It is not affected by disease.

What is a vector?

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# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Concave lens or laser surgery

What is the solution to short sightedness?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What can plant hormones be used for comercially?

Selective weedkillers, rooting powder, ripening fruit and controlling dormancy.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Controls fine focus

What does the lens do?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves How quickly heart and breathing rates return to normal after exercise.

What is cardiovascular efficiency?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Blood vessels on surface constrict so less heat can be transferred from blood to surroundings.

What is vasoconstriction?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What factors decrease blood pressure?

A balanced diet and regular exercise.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What are the effects of high blood pressure?

Burst blood vessels which can cause a stroke or kidney failure.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What are reflexes?

Fast - shorter distance for impulse to travel. Automatic - no thinking involved.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What do the ciliary muscles do?

Changes shape of lens

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is gibberellin?

Hormone which breaks dormancy in plants and allows seeds to germinate.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is a diploid?

Having paired chromosomes (e.g. In the body)

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Where we have antibodies to fight pathogens

What is immunity?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves The allele that has an effect both in homozygous and heterozygous conditions.

What does dominant mean?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Anabolic steroids and tranquilisers.

Name some Class C drugs...

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is the systolic reading?

High reading - when heart contracts

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What are bases?

They determine the type fo gene, depending on the order of them.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is auxin?

Plant hormones which control growth and cause cell elongation.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Cholera

What is an example of a disease caused by bacteria?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What are the combinations for cystic fibrosis?

(recessive disease) CC - normal/disease free Cc - carrier cc - Have cystic fibrosis

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves A different form of the gene for the same characteristic.

What is an allele?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Slow down virus development but do not kill them.

What do antivirals do?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves An organism's outward appearance.

What is a phenotype?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Heroin, LSD, Ecstasy, Cocaine.

Name some Class A drugs...

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is negative phototropism?

Roots grow away from light source.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves How does smoking increase blood pressure?

Nicotine increases heart rate. Carbon monoxide binds irreversibly to haemoglobin in red blood cells, reducing oxygen intake and heart beats faster to compensate.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is a haploid?

Having half the number of chromosomes/unpaired (e.g. Gametes)

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is the solution to short sightedness?

Concave lens or laser surgery

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is passive immunity?

Antibody is produced in another animal and then injected into patient.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Having two identical alleles for a characteristic.

What does homozygous mean?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves 0.6 x body mass (kg)

How do you calculate Estimated Average daily Requirement (EAR) of protein?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is an example of a disease caused by viruses?

flu (Influenza)

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is positive phototropism?

Growing/bending towards light. (Applies to shoot)

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Eating disorders

What can poor self image lead to?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves How do you calculate Estimated Average daily Requirement (EAR) of protein?

0.6 x body mass (kg)

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves The allele that only has an effect when homozygous.

What does recessive mean?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Responding to a stimulus

What is tropism?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Name some Class B drugs...

Cannabis and Amphetamine (speed)

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves To make seeds germinate at certain times of year.

How do commercial farmers use gibberellin?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What are the effects of low blood pressure?

Poor circulation, dizziness and fainting.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves The genes that an organism contains.

What is a genotype?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What are lymphocytes?

White blood cells which produce antibodies which lock on to antigens on outside of pathogen to de-activate them.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is vasoconstriction?

Blood vessels on surface constrict so less heat can be transferred from blood to surroundings.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Detects the light

What does the retina do?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What can a lack of vitamin C lead to?

Scurvy

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves A gap between two neurones

What is a synapse?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What does healthy mean?

Being free from disease and infection

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What does the retina do?

Detects the light

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Fast - shorter distance for impulse to travel. Automatic - no thinking involved.

What are reflexes?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is an example of a disease caused by bacteria?

Cholera

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Strength, speed, stamina, suppleness (agility/flexibility)

What are the 4 S's?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves How you feel about yourself - what you see when you look in mirror.

What is body image?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves High reading - when heart contracts

What is the systolic reading?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Low reading - when heart is filling

What is the diastolic reading?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Antibody is produced in another animal and then injected into patient.

What is passive immunity?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Stimulus, receptor, sensory neurone, CNS (relay neurone), motor neurone, effector, response.

What are the stages of the reflex arc?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves mmHg - millimetres of mercury

What is blood pressure measured in?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What are the stages of the reflex arc?

Stimulus, receptor, sensory neurone, CNS (relay neurone), motor neurone, effector, response.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What are nerve impulses?

Electrical signals travelling along neurones

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Blood vessels widen allowing more blood to flow near surface so more heat can radiate to surroundings.

What is vasodilation?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What are Phagocytes?

White blood cells which engulf and then digest pathogens

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves They determine the type fo gene, depending on the order of them.

What are bases?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is the equation to calculate BMI?

body mass ÷ (height)²

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Sends messages to brain

What does the optic nerve do?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Where is auxin produced?

In the tip of the shoot

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves (dominant disease) Hh - Have disease hh - Disease-free

What are the combinations for Huntington's disease?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Roots of a plant grow down in response to gravity.

What is positive geotropism?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves (recessive disease) CC - normal/disease free Cc - carrier cc - Have cystic fibrosis

What are the combinations for cystic fibrosis?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Binocular Vision - Eyes see slightly different images because they are a few cm apart. Brain compares two - more similar, further away object is.

How do the eyes judge distance?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What does homozygous mean?

Having two identical alleles for a characteristic.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Cholesterol builds up in arteries. Forms plaque which restricts or blocks blood flow.

Why is cholesterol a cause of heart disease?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is immunity?

Where we have antibodies to fight pathogens

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is Transamination?

Conversion in liver of one amino acid into another.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Name some Class A drugs...

Heroin, LSD, Ecstasy, Cocaine.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is the diastolic reading?

Low reading - when heart is filling

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Stress, smoking, alcohol, being over weight.

What factors increase blood pressure?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is cardiovascular efficiency?

How quickly heart and breathing rates return to normal after exercise.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is a phenotype?

An organism's outward appearance.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Burst blood vessels which can cause a stroke or kidney failure.

What are the effects of high blood pressure?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Growing/bending towards light. (Applies to shoot)

What is positive phototropism?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Where does auxin gather and what happens to the plant?

On dark side of plant and causes plant to bend towards light.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is the solution for long sightedness?

Convex lens or laser surgery

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What do the suspensory ligaments do?

Fibres holding lens in position

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Cannabis and Amphetamine (speed)

Name some Class B drugs...

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Nicotine increases heart rate. Carbon monoxide binds irreversibly to haemoglobin in red blood cells, reducing oxygen intake and heart beats faster to compensate.

How does smoking increase blood pressure?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What can poor self image lead to?

Eating disorders

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Having paired chromosomes (e.g. In the body)

What is a diploid?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is a synapse?

A gap between two neurones

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is an allele?

A different form of the gene for the same characteristic.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Hormone which breaks dormancy in plants and allows seeds to germinate.

What is gibberellin?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What factors increase blood pressure?

Stress, smoking, alcohol, being over weight.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves body mass ÷ (height)²

What is the equation to calculate BMI?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Proteins which do not contain all essential amino acids. Source = plants

What are second class proteins?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Carry impulses from receptor to CNS.

What do sensory neurones do?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What are second class proteins?

Proteins which do not contain all essential amino acids. Source = plants

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Let light get through to back of eye.

What is the job of the pupil?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Athlete's foot

What is an example of a disease caused by fungi?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves A short length of DNA controlling an organism's characteristics.

What is a gene?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What are the 4 S's?

Strength, speed, stamina, suppleness (agility/flexibility)

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What does the lens do?

Controls fine focus

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is blood pressure measured in?

mmHg - millimetres of mercury

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves How do the eyes judge distance?

Binocular Vision - Eyes see slightly different images because they are a few cm apart. Brain compares two - more similar, further away object is.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves How well physical tasks can be performed

What does fit mean?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is negative geotropism?

Shoots grow up against gravity.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What does fit mean?

How well physical tasks can be performed

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is tropism?

Responding to a stimulus

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Controls amount of light let through

What does the iris do?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What do sensory neurones do?

Carry impulses from receptor to CNS.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves White blood cells which produce antibodies which lock on to antigens on outside of pathogen to de-activate them.

What are lymphocytes?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Plant hormones which control growth and cause cell elongation.

What is auxin?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves A balanced diet and regular exercise.

What factors decrease blood pressure?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves How do commercial farmers use gibberellin?

To make seeds germinate at certain times of year.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Conversion in liver of one amino acid into another.

What is Transamination?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves In nucleus of a cell

Where are chromosomes found?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Fibres holding lens in position

What do the suspensory ligaments do?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Having 2 different alleles for a certain characteristic.

What does heterozygous mean?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What makes up the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

Motor Neurones and Sensory Neurones

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Refracts light

What does the cornea do?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves On dark side of plant and causes plant to bend towards light.

Where does auxin gather and what happens to the plant?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What makes up the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Brain and Spinal Cord

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is positive geotropism?

Roots of a plant grow down in response to gravity.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Being free from disease and infection

What does healthy mean?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Body makes its own antibodies following exposure to antigen - either by catching disease or through vaccination.

What is active immunity?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What are first class proteins?

Contain all the essential amino acids. Source = animals

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What are the combinations for Huntington's disease?

(dominant disease) Hh - Have disease hh - Disease-free

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is a genotype?

The genes that an organism contains.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What do motor neurones do?

Carry impulses from CNS to effector.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Shoots grow up against gravity.

What is negative geotropism?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Ciliary muscles contract. Suspensory ligaments slacken. Lens becomes more convex (fatter).

What does the eye do to see near objects?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Carry impulses from CNS to effector.

What do motor neurones do?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What does the iris do?

Controls amount of light let through

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Selective weedkillers, rooting powder, ripening fruit and controlling dormancy.

What can plant hormones be used for comercially?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What do antivirals do?

Slow down virus development but do not kill them.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What does the eye do to see distant objects?

Ciliary muscles relax. Suspensory ligaments tighten. Lens becomes more concave (thinner).

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Dysentery

What is an example of a disease caused by protozoa?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Why is cholesterol even more dangerous in the coronary artery?

Increases risk of heart attacks if they have a thrombosis/blood clot.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Brain and Spinal Cord

What makes up the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What is vasodilation?

Blood vessels widen allowing more blood to flow near surface so more heat can radiate to surroundings.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What does the eye do to see near objects?

Ciliary muscles contract. Suspensory ligaments slacken. Lens becomes more convex (fatter).

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Changes shape of lens

What do the ciliary muscles do?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Poor circulation, dizziness and fainting.

What are the effects of low blood pressure?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Roots grow away from light source.

What is negative phototropism?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Increases risk of heart attacks if they have a thrombosis/blood clot.

Why is cholesterol even more dangerous in the coronary artery?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What does dominant mean?

The allele that has an effect both in homozygous and heterozygous conditions.

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves In the tip of the shoot

Where is auxin produced?

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves What does the optic nerve do?

Sends messages to brain

# B1 - Understanding Ourselves Scurvy

What can a lack of vitamin C lead to?