B1 - Understanding Ourselves Flashcards
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Why is cholesterol a cause of heart disease?
Cholesterol builds up in arteries. Forms plaque which restricts or blocks blood flow.
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What does heterozygous mean?
Having 2 different alleles for a certain characteristic.
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What is the job of the pupil?
Let light get through to back of eye.
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Where are chromosomes found?
In nucleus of a cell
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What are essential amino acids?
Ones body cannot make by transamination (22 amino acids, 9 essential).
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Ones body cannot make by transamination (22 amino acids, 9 essential).
What are essential amino acids?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Electrical signals travelling along neurones
What are nerve impulses?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
White blood cells which engulf and then digest pathogens
What are Phagocytes?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Ciliary muscles relax. Suspensory ligaments tighten. Lens becomes more concave (thinner).
What does the eye do to see distant objects?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Having half the number of chromosomes/unpaired (e.g. Gametes)
What is a haploid?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What does recessive mean?
The allele that only has an effect when homozygous.
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What is active immunity?
Body makes its own antibodies following exposure to antigen - either by catching disease or through vaccination.
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Name some Class C drugs…
Anabolic steroids and tranquilisers.
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What does the cornea do?
Refracts light
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
flu (Influenza)
What is an example of a disease caused by viruses?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Contain all the essential amino acids. Source = animals
What are first class proteins?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What is a vector?
Animal which carries micro-organisms that cause disease. It is not affected by disease.
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What is an example of a disease caused by fungi?
Athlete’s foot
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What is an example of a disease caused by protozoa?
Dysentery
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Convex lens or laser surgery
What is the solution for long sightedness?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Motor Neurones and Sensory Neurones
What makes up the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What is body image?
How you feel about yourself - what you see when you look in mirror.
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What is a gene?
A short length of DNA controlling an organism’s characteristics.
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Animal which carries micro-organisms that cause disease. It is not affected by disease.
What is a vector?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Concave lens or laser surgery
What is the solution to short sightedness?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What can plant hormones be used for comercially?
Selective weedkillers, rooting powder, ripening fruit and controlling dormancy.
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Controls fine focus
What does the lens do?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
How quickly heart and breathing rates return to normal after exercise.
What is cardiovascular efficiency?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Blood vessels on surface constrict so less heat can be transferred from blood to surroundings.
What is vasoconstriction?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What factors decrease blood pressure?
A balanced diet and regular exercise.
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What are the effects of high blood pressure?
Burst blood vessels which can cause a stroke or kidney failure.
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What are reflexes?
Fast - shorter distance for impulse to travel. Automatic - no thinking involved.
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What do the ciliary muscles do?
Changes shape of lens
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What is gibberellin?
Hormone which breaks dormancy in plants and allows seeds to germinate.
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What is a diploid?
Having paired chromosomes (e.g. In the body)
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Where we have antibodies to fight pathogens
What is immunity?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
The allele that has an effect both in homozygous and heterozygous conditions.
What does dominant mean?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Anabolic steroids and tranquilisers.
Name some Class C drugs…
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What is the systolic reading?
High reading - when heart contracts
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What are bases?
They determine the type fo gene, depending on the order of them.
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What is auxin?
Plant hormones which control growth and cause cell elongation.
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Cholera
What is an example of a disease caused by bacteria?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What are the combinations for cystic fibrosis?
(recessive disease) CC - normal/disease free Cc - carrier cc - Have cystic fibrosis
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
A different form of the gene for the same characteristic.
What is an allele?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Slow down virus development but do not kill them.
What do antivirals do?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
An organism’s outward appearance.
What is a phenotype?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Heroin, LSD, Ecstasy, Cocaine.
Name some Class A drugs…
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What is negative phototropism?
Roots grow away from light source.
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
How does smoking increase blood pressure?
Nicotine increases heart rate. Carbon monoxide binds irreversibly to haemoglobin in red blood cells, reducing oxygen intake and heart beats faster to compensate.
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What is a haploid?
Having half the number of chromosomes/unpaired (e.g. Gametes)
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What is the solution to short sightedness?
Concave lens or laser surgery
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What is passive immunity?
Antibody is produced in another animal and then injected into patient.
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Having two identical alleles for a characteristic.
What does homozygous mean?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
0.6 x body mass (kg)
How do you calculate Estimated Average daily Requirement (EAR) of protein?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What is an example of a disease caused by viruses?
flu (Influenza)
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What is positive phototropism?
Growing/bending towards light. (Applies to shoot)
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Eating disorders
What can poor self image lead to?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
How do you calculate Estimated Average daily Requirement (EAR) of protein?
0.6 x body mass (kg)
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
The allele that only has an effect when homozygous.
What does recessive mean?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Responding to a stimulus
What is tropism?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Name some Class B drugs…
Cannabis and Amphetamine (speed)
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
To make seeds germinate at certain times of year.
How do commercial farmers use gibberellin?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What are the effects of low blood pressure?
Poor circulation, dizziness and fainting.
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
The genes that an organism contains.
What is a genotype?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What are lymphocytes?
White blood cells which produce antibodies which lock on to antigens on outside of pathogen to de-activate them.
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What is vasoconstriction?
Blood vessels on surface constrict so less heat can be transferred from blood to surroundings.
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
Detects the light
What does the retina do?
B1 - Understanding Ourselves
What can a lack of vitamin C lead to?
Scurvy