B3.2 Transport Systems In Plants And Animals Flashcards
What does plasma do?
Carries cells
What’s in blood?
Plasma
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
What do the white blood cells in blood do?
Identify and destroy pathogens
What do platelets in the blood do?
Involved in blood clotting and repair and regeneration of connective tissue
What do red blood cells do in a the blood?
Transport oxygen
How are red blood cells adapted?
Concave
Large SA for diffusion
Packed with haemoglobin which carries oxygen
No nucleus so more space for oxygen and haemoglobin
Explain the path of the blood through he heart?
Vena cava Right atrium Valve Right ventricle Valve Pulmonary artery Lungs Pulmonary vein Left atrium Valve Left ventricle Aorta Body
What do valves do?
Keep a one way system
Many many times does blood go through the heart in one beat?
Twice
Which side is thicker and why?
Left as it pumps to the whole body not just the lungs
What’s the system of movement of blood called?
Double circulatory system
What are the vessels called around the kidney?
Renel
What are the vessels called around the liver?
Hepatic
Does the artery have a large or small lumen and why?
Small
Keeps a high pressure so the blood goes all the way round the body and fast so there’s no need for valves
Why does the artery have thick muscle and elastic fibres?
To keep a high pressure and so it can stretch when the blood enters
Does the capillary have a large or small lumem?
Small
What’s a collection of capillaries called?
Capillary bed
What do capillaries do?
Connect veins and arteries
How thick is a capillary wall?
One cell thick
Does a vein have a large or small lumen and why?
Large
Less need for a high pressure
The blood goes slowly so they need valves and for the muscles to compress so the blood can go back up to the heart
Does a vein have a lot or little amounts of oxygen?
Little amount
What are the vein walls like?
Have elastic and muscle but less than an artery
What’s a stent?
A metal mesh placed in a artery to open it up
Use a balloon to pump it open
Pro’s of stents?
No anaesthetic needed
Used anywhere
Can release drugs
Cons’s of stents?
Can’t be used in all cases
What’s an artificial valve?
Titanium or pig
Pro’s and Con’s of a titanium valve?
They are durable and resistant to high temps
Medication are needed for life ( anticoagulants)
Pros’s and Con’s of pig valves?
No medication needed
Only lasts 15 years
What’s a artificial heart?
Replaces a faulty heart while they wait for a donor
Uses air pressure to pump
Pros’s and Con’s of artificial hearts?
No donor wait, no tissue match, no immunosuppressant drugs needed
Blood can clot, large back pack, expensive, have to charge the pump, beats at a constant rate
What’s artificial blood?
Plasma and saline
PFC’s (perflurinated chemicals)
Haemoglobin based products
Pros’s and Con’s of using plasma and saline for blood?
Helps after trauma
Needs the same blood type, shortage of donors and limited storage time
Pros’s and Con’s of PFC’s?
Carries oxygen but not disease
Hard to get in blood and side effects
Pros’s and Con’s of haemoglobin based products?
Can be from human, animal, made synthetically or from gm bacteria, carries more oxygen than normal blood and doesn’t always need to be kept in a fridge
Only lasts 20-30 hours, doesn’t clot blood or fight diseases, same blood type, ethical issues
What does the xylem transport?
Water and minerals
What does the phloem transport?
Sugar
