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Biology > B3.1 Movement Of Molecules Im And Out Of Cells > Flashcards

B3.1 Movement Of Molecules Im And Out Of Cells Flashcards

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0
Q

What happens to RBC’s when in a solution with a low water potential?

A

Crenated

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1
Q

What’s osmosis?

A

From high to low concentration

Through a semi permeable membrane

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2
Q

What happens to RBC’s when in a solution with a high water potential?

A

Pop

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3
Q

What happens to plant cells when in a solution with a low water potential?

A

Flaccid

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4
Q

What happens to plant cells when in a solution with a high water potential?

A

Turgid

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5
Q

What’s active transport?

A

Low to high concentration
Through a semi permeable membrane
Using energy from respiration

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6
Q

What does the cell membrane have to help active transport?

A

Carrier proteins

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7
Q

Examples of active transport

A

Nutrients in plants to get as much as possible

Glucose being absorbed into the small intestine so all of it is absorbed

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8
Q

What’s transpiration?

A

The cycle of water through a plant

Evaporated through stomata
Passes through the leaf to the xylem
Pulled up through the xylem tissue
Replaced by water entering the roots by osmosis to replace what’s used in respiration

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9
Q

How does a plant control water loss?

A

Carbon dioxide and water enter through diffusion through the stomata
Guard cells control this
If there’s too much water being lost they close

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10
Q

Uses of water in a plant?

A 
Growth
Fruit
Glucose
Temperature control
Transport minerals
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11
Q

Uses of glucose in a plant?

A

Long starch chains
Cellulose for cell walls
Combine with nitrate to make proteins
Lipids for seeds

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12
Q

What’s turgur pressure?

A

In a well watered plant there is lots of water in the soil so it enters through osmosis and cells become turgid and photosynthesis continues

In a non watered plant the water leaves through osmosis and it becomes flaccid so the stomata closes so photosynthesis can’t occur

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13
Q

What’s does the xylem vessel do?

A

Transports water

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14
Q

What does the phloem cells do?

A

Transport nutrients (translocation)

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15
Q

What does nitrate do in a plant and what happens if it’s not present?

A

Make protein

Phones yellow with small leaves

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16
Q

What do phosphates do in a plant and what happens if it’s not present?

A

Helps with photosynthesis

Small roots and purple leaves

17
Q

What does potassium do in a plant and what happens if it’s not present?

A

Helps enzymes needed for photosynthesis

Yellow leaves and dead parts

18
Q

How is the small intestine adapted to absorb?

A

Villi to increase SA
Micro villi to increase SA
Capillary network to maintain a steep concentration gradient

19
Q

How do sports drinks help?

A

Sugar keeps glucose levels high so they can continue longer
Ions to maintain balance in blood so the cells work
Water for cells, to absorb nutrients, to regulate body temp and to moisten the lungs

20
Q

Explain the parts of the lungs?

A 
Larynx at the top them the trachea with cartilage around it 
Into bronchus then alveoli 
Diaphragm at the bottom
Heart and sternum in the middle
Intercostal muscles in between the ribs
21
Q

What function is carried out by the nasal cavity?

A

Warms
Moistens
Filters air

22
Q

What function is carried out by the epiglottis?

A

Prevents food going to the lungs

23
Q

What function is carried out by the larynx?

A

Produces sound for speech

24
Q

What function is carried out by the trachea?

A

Carries air to the lungs

25
Q

What function is carried out by the cartilage rings?

A

Keeps the trachea and bronchus open

26
Q

What function is carried out by the rib muscles?

A

Moves the ribs cage when breathing

27
Q

What function is carried out by the rib cage?

A

Protection

28
Q

What function is carried out by the pleural fluid?

A

Prevents fiction with the lungs and heart

29
Q

What function is carried out by the diaphragm?

A

Separates the thorax from the abdomen

30
Q

What function is carried out by the alveoli?

A

Gas exchange

31
Q

What are alveoli?

A

Air sacks
Covered in capillaries
Bundles

32
Q

What are the adaptations of the alveoli?

A

Lots of them
Lots of capillaries to maintain steep concentration gradient
Large SA for gas exchange
Thin cell membrane for a short diffusion pathway
Small capillaries for a short diffusion pathway

33
Q

What’s mass transport?

A

Movement of a large amount of substance in one direction to pressure changes

34
Q

What happens when you inhale?

A 
Rib muscles contract
Ribs moves up
Diaphragm contract
Flat
Volume increases
Pressure decreases
Pleural membrane stops friction
Inhale
35
Q

What’s cystic fibrosis?

A 
A genetic mutation 
Resistive genes
Chloride ion levels aren't controlled
Chloride ions cause a low concentration of water so the diffusion doesn't occur properly 
So a thick sticky mucus is made
36
Q

Symptoms of cystic fibrosis?

A

Cough
Cheapest infections
Poor weight gain

37
Q

Treatment for cystic fibrosis?

A

Antibiotics
Physiotherapy
Bronchodilators
Mucus clearing treatments

38
Q

Why would you need an artificial breathing aid?

A

Tubes to the lungs are too small
Alveoli can break down
Paralysis

39
Q

What’s the iron lung?

A

Negative pressure

Change the pressure of the outside so the chest moves to change pressure in the body to breathe

40
Q

What’s positive pressure breathing?

A

Forcing air into the lungs to increase pressure

Biology (12 decks)

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