B3.1 Movement Of Molecules Im And Out Of Cells Flashcards
What happens to RBC’s when in a solution with a low water potential?
Crenated
What’s osmosis?
From high to low concentration
Through a semi permeable membrane
What happens to RBC’s when in a solution with a high water potential?
Pop
What happens to plant cells when in a solution with a low water potential?
Flaccid
What happens to plant cells when in a solution with a high water potential?
Turgid
What’s active transport?
Low to high concentration
Through a semi permeable membrane
Using energy from respiration
What does the cell membrane have to help active transport?
Carrier proteins
Examples of active transport
Nutrients in plants to get as much as possible
Glucose being absorbed into the small intestine so all of it is absorbed
What’s transpiration?
The cycle of water through a plant
Evaporated through stomata
Passes through the leaf to the xylem
Pulled up through the xylem tissue
Replaced by water entering the roots by osmosis to replace what’s used in respiration
How does a plant control water loss?
Carbon dioxide and water enter through diffusion through the stomata
Guard cells control this
If there’s too much water being lost they close
Uses of water in a plant?
Growth Fruit Glucose Temperature control Transport minerals
Uses of glucose in a plant?
Long starch chains
Cellulose for cell walls
Combine with nitrate to make proteins
Lipids for seeds
What’s turgur pressure?
In a well watered plant there is lots of water in the soil so it enters through osmosis and cells become turgid and photosynthesis continues
In a non watered plant the water leaves through osmosis and it becomes flaccid so the stomata closes so photosynthesis can’t occur
What’s does the xylem vessel do?
Transports water
What does the phloem cells do?
Transport nutrients (translocation)
What does nitrate do in a plant and what happens if it’s not present?
Make protein
Phones yellow with small leaves
What do phosphates do in a plant and what happens if it’s not present?
Helps with photosynthesis
Small roots and purple leaves
What does potassium do in a plant and what happens if it’s not present?
Helps enzymes needed for photosynthesis
Yellow leaves and dead parts
How is the small intestine adapted to absorb?
Villi to increase SA
Micro villi to increase SA
Capillary network to maintain a steep concentration gradient
How do sports drinks help?
Sugar keeps glucose levels high so they can continue longer
Ions to maintain balance in blood so the cells work
Water for cells, to absorb nutrients, to regulate body temp and to moisten the lungs
Explain the parts of the lungs?
Larynx at the top them the trachea with cartilage around it Into bronchus then alveoli Diaphragm at the bottom Heart and sternum in the middle Intercostal muscles in between the ribs
What function is carried out by the nasal cavity?
Warms
Moistens
Filters air
What function is carried out by the epiglottis?
Prevents food going to the lungs
What function is carried out by the larynx?
Produces sound for speech
What function is carried out by the trachea?
Carries air to the lungs
What function is carried out by the cartilage rings?
Keeps the trachea and bronchus open
What function is carried out by the rib muscles?
Moves the ribs cage when breathing
What function is carried out by the rib cage?
Protection
What function is carried out by the pleural fluid?
Prevents fiction with the lungs and heart
What function is carried out by the diaphragm?
Separates the thorax from the abdomen
What function is carried out by the alveoli?
Gas exchange
What are alveoli?
Air sacks
Covered in capillaries
Bundles
What are the adaptations of the alveoli?
Lots of them
Lots of capillaries to maintain steep concentration gradient
Large SA for gas exchange
Thin cell membrane for a short diffusion pathway
Small capillaries for a short diffusion pathway
What’s mass transport?
Movement of a large amount of substance in one direction to pressure changes
What happens when you inhale?
Rib muscles contract Ribs moves up Diaphragm contract Flat Volume increases Pressure decreases Pleural membrane stops friction Inhale
What’s cystic fibrosis?
A genetic mutation Resistive genes Chloride ion levels aren't controlled Chloride ions cause a low concentration of water so the diffusion doesn't occur properly So a thick sticky mucus is made
Symptoms of cystic fibrosis?
Cough
Cheapest infections
Poor weight gain
Treatment for cystic fibrosis?
Antibiotics
Physiotherapy
Bronchodilators
Mucus clearing treatments
Why would you need an artificial breathing aid?
Tubes to the lungs are too small
Alveoli can break down
Paralysis
What’s the iron lung?
Negative pressure
Change the pressure of the outside so the chest moves to change pressure in the body to breathe
What’s positive pressure breathing?
Forcing air into the lungs to increase pressure
