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Biology > B3.1 > Flashcards

B3.1 Flashcards

Gas Exchange

1
Q

What is gas exchange?

A

the exchange of respiratory gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide) between cells/organisms and the environment

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2
Q

How does the exchange of gases between an individual cell and its environment take place?

A

Through diffusion

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3
Q

Why do large organisms have specialised organs for gas exchange?

A

because of the surface area to volume ratio that decreases when size increases

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4
Q

What does diffusion require?

A

a concentration gradient

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4
Q

What are the properties of gas exchange surfaces?

A

permeability
thin tissue layer
moisture
large surface area

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5
Q

How are concentration gradients maintained?

A

A dense network of blood vessels
a continuous blood flow
ventilation

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6
Q

What is the thorax?

A

in mammals, the upper part of the body separated from the abdomen, in insects, the region between head nad abdomen

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7
Q

What is a ventilation system?

A

a pumping mechanism that moves air in and out of the lungs, maintaining the concentration gradient

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8
Q

What improves the efficiency of diffusion in mammals?

A

a blood circulation system
a respiratory pigment

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9
Q

What are intercostal muscles?

A

muscles between the ribs involved in ventilation

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10
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

sheet of tissue that separates the thorax from the abdomen in mammals

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11
Q

What are bronchi?

A

tubes connecting the trachea with the lungs

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11
Q

What is the pleural membrane?

A

lines lungs and thorax cavity and secretes pleural fluid

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12
Q

What are the alevoli?

A

air sacs in the lungs

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13
Q

What is surfactant?

A

substance that lines the inner surface of the alveoli and reduces surface tension

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14
Q

What is a spirometer?

A

an apparatus that lets you measure the ventilation

15
Q

What is the tidal volume?

A

volume of air normally exchanged in breathing

16
Q

What is the inspiratory reserve?

A

the difference between the maximum inspiratory level and the tidal volume

17
Q

What is the expiratory reserve?

A

The difference between the maximum expiratory level and the tidal volume

18
Q

What is the vital capacity?

A

the total amount of air exhaled after maximal inhalation

19
Q

What is ventilation rate?

A

number of inhalations per minute

19
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

outer layer of leaf cells

20
Q

What is vascular tissue?

A

xylem and phloem of plants

21
Q

What is the vascular bundle?

A

the site of water and food movement up and down the plant cells

22
Q

What is the palisade mesophyll?

A

columnar cells containing many chloroplasts found beneath the upper epidermis in leaves

23
Q

What is spongy mesophyll?

A

rounded cells in the lead that are loosely packed creating air spaces where air circulates, provides a large surface area for gas exchange

24
Q
A
25
Q
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26
Q
A

Biology (13 decks)

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