A4.2

Question 1

What is biodiveristy?

Answer 1

the amount of biological or living diversity per unit area

Question 2

What is ecosystem diversity?

Answer 2

The range of different habitats or number of ecological niches per unit area in an ecosystem

Question 2

What is species divertisty?

Answer 2

the variety of species per unit area, includes both numbers present and their relative abundance

Question 3

What is genetic diversity?

Answer 3

the range of genetic material present in a gene pool or population of a species, a high gene pool leads to high genetic diversity while a low one leads to low diversity

Question 4

What are richness and eveness?

Answer 4

Richness refers to the number of species in an area while eveness refers to the relative abundance of the species

Question 5

What is simpsons reciprocal index?

Answer 5

A diversity indice that can be used to describe and compare communities

Question 6

What can we use diversity indices for?

Answer 6

to measure if the impact of human development on ecosystems is sustainable or not, low diversity indicates pollution, eutrophication or recent colonisation

Question 7

How many species are estimated to be on earth?

Answer 7

5 to 100 million with the consensus being around 9 million

Question 8

What can fossils do?

Answer 8

through fossilisation we can learn abt the history of life. using radiometric dating techniques the rock that surrounds the fossil or the fossil itself can be dated

Question 9

How many mass extincions have there been on earth?

Answer 9

5

Question 9

When was the last mass extinction event?

Answer 9

66 million years ago with the asteroid that wiped out the dinosaurs

Question 10

What are the causes of the current biodiversity crisis?

Answer 10

Human population growth
Hunting and other forms of over-exploitation
Urbanisation
Deforestation-conversion of land for agriculture and mining
pollution and spread of disease
invasive species

Question 11

What is rewilding?

Answer 11

rewilding aims to restore ecosystems and reverse declines in biodiversity by allowing wildlife and naturals processes to reclaim ares no loner under human management

Question 11

What does conservation aim to do?

Answer 11

aims to slow the rate of extinction caused by knock-on effects of unsustainable exploitation of natural resources and to maintain biotic interactions between species

Question 11

What is in situ conservation?

Answer 11

the conservation of species in their natural habitats

Question 12

What are the three main principles of rewilding?

Answer 12

core habitat ares that support biodiversity are established
corridors of habitat connect the core areas
carnivores are needed to maintain the ecological balance

Question 13

What are the benefits of rewilding?

Answer 13

increasing storage of carbon from the atmosphere
helping wildlife adapt to climate change
reversing biodiversity loss
supporting economic opportunities for local people
improving health and well being

Question 14

What is ex-situ conservation?

Answer 14

the preservation of species outside their natural habitats, an example would be a zoo that carries out captive breeding and reintroduction programs

Question 15

What is phylogenetic diversity?

Answer 15

the evolutionary history represented by a set of species

Question 16

Whats an EDGE species?

Answer 16

Species threatened with extinction and are above the median of ED (evolutionary distinct)