B3.032 - Anti Viral Chemotherapy Flip Flashcards
What drug blocks viral uncoating
Rimantadine
Which drugs are viral kinase dependent
Acyclovir
Penciclovir
Ganciclovir
What are the host kinase dependent drugs
Trifluridine
Cidofovir
Foscarnet
How does Ribavirin work
Inhibits nucleotide synthesis, nucleic acid processing
Guanasine analog that blocks GTP and interferes with processing of RNAs
What are the inhibitors of viral polymerases (nucleoside analogs)
Acyclovir/valacyclovir Lamivudine Tenofovir Cidofovir Trifluridine
What does rimantidine treat
Influenza A
What is ribavirin used for
HCV, RSV
What is Acyclovir and valacyclovir used for
HSV 1&2, varicella at high doses
What is lamivudine used for
HBV, HIV
What is tenofovir used for
HBV, HIV
What is cidofovir used for
CMV
What are the two areas of specificity in antiviral nucleoside analogs
- Initial kinase
2. Polymerase
What is the selectivity of acyclovir
Really high initial kinase selectivity, and polymerase
What is the selectivity of zidovudine
High at polymerase selectivity
Where is the selectivity of ganciclovir
Modest at kinase and polymerase selectivity
Rank adverse effects of ganciclovir,acyclovir, zidovudine
Acyclovir < Zidovudine < Ganciclovir
Which drugs inhibit viral maturation
Simeprevir
Telaprevir
What are simeprevir and telaprevir used for
HCV
What are the neurominidase inhibitors
Oseltamivir
Zanamavir
What are oseltamivir and zanamavir used for
Influenza A and B
What is an additional last stage target
Pegylated interferons alpha
What is pegylated interferon alpha used for
HBV, HCV
What do you use to determine which drug to give
Molecular analysis (Culture is too slow)
How does viral drug resistance arise
Dormancy
Genetic -chromosomal and extrachromosomal
What are the chromosomal ways resistance arises
Based on mutation in gene coding for target
Lose effect of drug but maintain normal function
Passed on to progeny
What are the extrachromosomal ways resistance arises
Addition of a plasmid to pathogen
How do you minimize resistance
Only use things known to be effective
Use multiple drugs in combination
What is chemoprophylaxis used for
Protect health individuals following exposure to specific pathogens
Minimize active episodes (herpes)
Why can acyclovir manage but not cure HSV1?
There’s always a reservoir of dormant virus in the patient
What is a viral drug for CMV that is IV, also inhibits viral polymerases but does not require activation by kinases
Foscarnet
Patient with HBV is prescribed an antiviral nucleoside analog that targets both HBV DNA polymerase and HIV reverse transcriptase what drug is it
Lamivudine
