B3.032 - Anti Viral Chemotherapy Flip

Question 1

What drug blocks viral uncoating

Answer 1

Rimantadine

Question 2

Which drugs are viral kinase dependent

Answer 2

Acyclovir
Penciclovir
Ganciclovir

Question 3

What are the host kinase dependent drugs

Answer 3

Trifluridine
Cidofovir
Foscarnet

Question 4

How does Ribavirin work

Answer 4

Inhibits nucleotide synthesis, nucleic acid processing

Guanasine analog that blocks GTP and interferes with processing of RNAs

Question 5

What are the inhibitors of viral polymerases (nucleoside analogs)

Answer 5

Acyclovir/valacyclovir
Lamivudine
Tenofovir
Cidofovir
Trifluridine

Question 6

What does rimantidine treat

Answer 6

Influenza A

Question 7

What is ribavirin used for

Answer 7

HCV, RSV

Question 8

What is Acyclovir and valacyclovir used for

Answer 8

HSV 1&2, varicella at high doses

Question 9

What is lamivudine used for

Answer 9

HBV, HIV

Question 10

What is tenofovir used for

Answer 10

HBV, HIV

Question 11

What is cidofovir used for

Answer 11

CMV

Question 12

What are the two areas of specificity in antiviral nucleoside analogs

Answer 12

1. Initial kinase

2. Polymerase

Question 13

What is the selectivity of acyclovir

Answer 13

Really high initial kinase selectivity, and polymerase

Question 14

What is the selectivity of zidovudine

Answer 14

High at polymerase selectivity

Question 15

Where is the selectivity of ganciclovir

Answer 15

Modest at kinase and polymerase selectivity

Question 16

Rank adverse effects of ganciclovir,acyclovir, zidovudine

Answer 16

Acyclovir < Zidovudine < Ganciclovir

Question 17

Which drugs inhibit viral maturation

Answer 17

Simeprevir

Telaprevir

Question 18

What are simeprevir and telaprevir used for

Answer 18

HCV

Question 19

What are the neurominidase inhibitors

Answer 19

Oseltamivir

Zanamavir

Question 20

What are oseltamivir and zanamavir used for

Answer 20

Influenza A and B

Question 21

What is an additional last stage target

Answer 21

Pegylated interferons alpha

Question 22

What is pegylated interferon alpha used for

Answer 22

HBV, HCV

Question 23

What do you use to determine which drug to give

Answer 23

Molecular analysis (Culture is too slow)

Question 24

How does viral drug resistance arise

Answer 24

Dormancy

Genetic -chromosomal and extrachromosomal

Question 25

What are the chromosomal ways resistance arises

Answer 25

Based on mutation in gene coding for target
Lose effect of drug but maintain normal function
Passed on to progeny

Question 26

What are the extrachromosomal ways resistance arises

Answer 26

Addition of a plasmid to pathogen

Question 27

How do you minimize resistance

Answer 27

Only use things known to be effective

Use multiple drugs in combination

Question 28

What is chemoprophylaxis used for

Answer 28

Protect health individuals following exposure to specific pathogens
Minimize active episodes (herpes)

Question 29

Why can acyclovir manage but not cure HSV1?

Answer 29

There’s always a reservoir of dormant virus in the patient

Question 30

What is a viral drug for CMV that is IV, also inhibits viral polymerases but does not require activation by kinases

Answer 30

Foscarnet

Question 31

Patient with HBV is prescribed an antiviral nucleoside analog that targets both HBV DNA polymerase and HIV reverse transcriptase what drug is it

Answer 31

Lamivudine