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IBI Test 2 Leesy > B3.030 - Upper Respiratory Infections > Flashcards

B3.030 - Upper Respiratory Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Describe where S. pyogenes is on the tree

A

Gram +
Catalase -
Aerobic +
Beta hemolytic

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2
Q

Describe where Corynebacterium are on the tree

A

Gram + Bacilli

Aerobic +

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3
Q

Describe where Moraxella are on the tree

A

Gram - Cocci

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4
Q

Describe where Bordatella are on the tree

A

Gram - bacilli
Growth on McConkey -
Oxygen tolerance +

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5
Q

What are the primary host of GAS

A

humans

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6
Q

How is S. pyogenes transmitted

A

respiratory droplets

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7
Q

How does S. pyogenes infect

A

Low inoculum, invaves mucous membranes

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8
Q

What diseases does GAS cause in the respiratory tract

A

Strep

Pharyngitis

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9
Q

What does GAS cause in the skin

A

Impetigo
Erysipelas/Cellulitis
Necrotizing fasciitis

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10
Q

What does GAS cause systemically

A

Bacteremia
Rheumatic fever
Acute glomerulonephritis
Strep Toxic Shock Syndrome

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11
Q

What is the most common bacterial infection of the throat

A

Acute streptococcal pharyngitis

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12
Q

Strep pharyngitis is hard to differentiate from what

A

viral pharyngtitis

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13
Q

How long does Strep pyogens persist without treatment

A

1-4 weeks

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14
Q

How is strep pharyngitis treated

A

penicillins

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15
Q

What is scarlet fever a complication of

A

GAS pharyngitis

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16
Q

What produces scarlet fever

A

Spe A and SpeC

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17
Q

Describe the chest rash caused by scarlet fever

A

sand paper like

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18
Q

what are symptoms of scarlet fever

A

Diffuse rash on chest
Raw strawberry tongue
Circumoral pallor

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19
Q

What are GAS virulence factors that help it early in disease process

A

Adhesins (M protein) >160 serotypes

Hyalonuric acid capsule prevents phagocytosis

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20
Q

What are later GAS virulence factors

A

SLO
Hyaluronidase
Spe
Streptokinases

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21
Q

What is SLO

A

pore forming toxin that lyses target cells

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22
Q

What is Spe

A

Key in superantigen infections
Scarlet fever
Toxic shock syndrome

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23
Q

What do streptokinases do

A

activate plasminogen to dissolve clots

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24
Q

how is Strep pyogenes treated

A

Penicillins

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25
How is the strep throat treated
amoxacillin
26
How is the cellulitis treated
Penicillin with ceftriaxone
27
How is bacteremia due to GAS treated
Penecillin and clindomycin (suppresses toxin production
28
Recurrent disease/ treatment failure of GAS is due to
Reinfection | Colonization with different bacteria that produce beta lactamase
29
How is strep diagnosed
RADT detecting Group A capsule antigen | Culture if RADT is negative bc its more sensitive
30
Describe Corynebacterium diptheriae
``` Gram + rod non motile aerobic Club shaped V and L shaped arrangments ```
31
How is are the club shaped granules visualized
using Loffler medium
32
describe the diphtheria toxin
A-B exotoxin
33
The B subunit targets what
Upper respiratory tract Heart Nerve cells
34
What causes a shutdown of protein synthesis in diptheria
a subunit ADP ribosylates elongation factor
35
What is the inactive form of toxin called and what is it used for
toxoid, for DTaP vaccine
36
What is caused in the throat by diphtheria
psuedomembranous pharyngitis
37
What is the <1 week activity of diphtheria toxin
incubation and colonization of pharyngeal epithelial cells
38
What happens upon diphtheria toxin release
sudden onset of malaise, sore throat, low grade fever, exudative pharyngitis
39
What is characteristic of pseudomembranous pharyngitis
grayish pseudomembrane
40
what are is the grayish pseudomembrane made of in diphtheria
``` bacteria lymphocytes plasma cells fibirn dead cells ```
41
what are complications of the grayish pseudomembrane caused by diphtheria
asphyxiation | hard to dislodge without bleeding
42
what is bull neck associated with
diphtheria causing cervical adenitis and edema
43
what are more serious complications of respiratory diphtheria
myocarditis | neuropathies
44
What is cutaneous diphtheria
papule --> non healing ulcer with grayish membrane --> systemic disease due to toxin spread
45
how is diphtheria diagnosed
Tellurite containing differential Chocolate agar Elek test PCR by CDC
46
What is the chocolate agar used for
inhibits other respiratory tract bacteria, is reduced causing black pigment
47
what is an elek test
demostration of toxin by agar diffusion with antitoxin
48
What is the toxin treated with in DTap
Formalin
49
when is the DTap and Tdap vaccine reccommended
2,4.6.15.18mo, 4-6 years | Boosters every 10 years
50
how is diptheria treated
immediate administration of antitoxin DOC: Erythromycin or penecillin
51
does a diphtheria infection create antibodies to it
no
52
Where is moraxella commesal to
nasopharynx
53
clinical presentation of moraxella
otitis media sinusitis laryngitis
54
Clinical presentation of moraxella with underlying chronic lung disease
bronchitis | pneumonia
55
describe moraxella
gram - small coccobacilli | Dipmococcus
56
describe the transmission of moraxella
direct contact with contaminated secretions | respiratory droplets
57
what do the pili and fimbriae of moraxella help with
adhesion
58
what endotoxin does moraxella have
LPS
59
What are the more serious clinical presentations of moraxella
endocarditis
60
how is moraxella diagnosed
look like neisseria on gram stain | pink brown coloration of colonies on chocolate agar, not apparent on blood agar
61
why is moraxella asaccharolytic
does not produce acid from glucose, maltose, lactose or sucrose
62
what is the treatment of moraxella
penecillin with beta lactamase inhibitor
63
moraxella are universally susceptible to what
all other antibiotics used for respiratory therapy
64
describe bordetella
strictly aerobic non fermenting | small gram - bacilli/coccobacilli
65
what does bordetella cause
whooping cough
66
what adhesins does bordetella use
Fha Pertactin promote binding to ciliated epithelial cells, PMNs
67
What is the bordetella toxin
AB5 | B subunits bind ot glycolipidson cilliated respiratrory cells or phagocytes
68
what does the A subunit of the bordetella toxin do
ADP ribosylates Gi to increase cAMP levels
69
what are the 3 stages of bordetella
1. catarrhal - highly infectious 2. paroxymal 0 1-6 wks whooping cough v exhausting 3. convalescent 0 susceptible to other resp infections
70
how is bordetella transmitted
respiratory droplets
71
what is the DTap Vaccine cotained of
``` purified proteins Pertussus toxoid Fha fimbriae pertactin ```
72
what do the letters in Tdap stand for
Tetanus toxoid reduced diphtheria acellular pertussis
73
what are the current Tdap recommendations
``` DTap: 2,4,5,15-18 mo, 4-5 years Single does of Tdap therafter 7-10 years if not fully vaccinated 11-18 years if not immunized 19-65 years if not already immunized ```
74
treatment of pertussis
macrolides in early stages prophylaxis macrolides as well supportive measure after paroxysmal stage
75
how is pertussis diagnosed
``` culture in special transport medium nasopharingeal swab/aspirate during catarrhal stage speacial growth on Regan-Lowe DFA PCR serology for paroxixmal/convalescent ```

IBI Test 2 Leesy (13 decks)

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