B3. Environmental Factors

Question 1

What is a pollutant?

Answer 1

A Pollutant is something that contaminates the water or air and makes it unsafe.

Question 2

What are the different types of pollution?

Answer 2

Air
Water
Noise

Question 3

What outside factors cause air pollution?

Answer 3

The environment may contain many chemicals from vehicle exhaust systems and industrial emissions.

Question 4

What inside factors can cause air pollution?

Answer 4

Household pollutants include mould and some cleaning products that emit poisonous gases.

Question 5

What are respiratory disorders?

Answer 5

conditions affecting the upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleura and pleural cavity.

Question 6

What are cardiovascular problems?

Answer 6

any disorder or disease of the heart or blood vessels.

Question 7

What are allergies?

Answer 7

are caused by irritants such as dust or pollen causing the immune system to overreact.

Question 8

Which poor housing conditions could affect growth and development?

Answer 8

Damp conditions
Overcrowding
Lack of open spaces
Cold living conditions / lack of heating

Question 9

Describe poor housing conditions and respiratory disorders

Answer 9

Overcrowded housing, lack of heating and poor ventilation causing damp and mould in homes can lead to respiratory problems, especially asthma and other allergic responses.
Babies, young children and older people are particularly vulnerable.

Question 10

Describe poor housing conditions and hypothermia

Answer 10

Cold homes and homelessness are major causes of hospital admission to treat hypothermia.
Families with low incomes are unable to afford to heat their homes, especially in older properties.
Older people on low incomes may worry about the cost of heating their homes, especially if they live in older, less well-insulated properties that incur higher heating bills.

Question 11

Describe poor housing conditions and cardiovascular problems

Answer 11

Children living in overcrowded housing tend to have problems with their growth rate and an increased risk of heart disease in later life.
Poor quality housing can lead to stress which can affect an individual’s blood pressure.
High blood pressure damages the artery walls and increases risk of blood clots and strokes.
Lack of exercise and poor diet can also lead to cardiovascular problems.
Poor living conditions link to unhealthy lifestyles, including smoking, drinking and poor diet.
Lack of green spaces in some areas, particularly in low income areas preventing people taking part in physical activity outdoors.

Question 12

What barriers may stop someone from accessing Health and Social Care Services?

Answer 12

Availability of transport
Opening hours of services
Disability access
Money

Question 13

What have NICE stated?

Answer 13

The NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) have stated that the local governments and authorities need to improve the services for people who do not usually use them.

Question 14

Who is responsible for ensuring health and social care services meet the needs of the people who live within the local community?

Answer 14

It is the responsibility of the local health authority to ensure that health and social care services meet the needs of the people who live within the local community.

Question 15

What do health services relate to?

Answer 15

Health services relate to any service that would help to deal with a health issue: Pharmacy, Dentist and Sexual Health Clinic.

Question 16

Describe social care services

Answer 16

They are either children or adult services, these can be residential care, supported living and lunch clubs.

Question 17

What 2 reasons mean people have difficulty accessing services?

Answer 17

The service availability

Individual circumstances

Question 18

Why can travelling to appointments be stressful?

Answer 18

Financially paying for travel, parking, arranging lifts, public transport times

Question 19

Living in remote areas means transport is often unreliable meaning what?

Answer 19

Appointments being cancelled, missed or rebooked.

Question 20

How could transport issues impact health and wellbeing?

Answer 20

Health deterioration 
Spreading of disease and or illness
Loss of money 
Reliance of others family members
Increased rates of anxiety and depression

Question 21

Why may some not have the same access to services?

Answer 21

Recruitment of GPs and nurses may be difficult in deprived areas.
Hospital and GP appointments during working hours may be inconvenient
Elderly and children reliant on others to get them to services

Question 22

How has/could this be overcome?

Answer 22

Extend GP hours

Introduce more NHS Walk-in Centres, Healthy Living Centres and the NHS 111 service.