B3 Environmental and Social Factors Flashcards
What are different types of pollution?
- air
- light
- noise
- water
- household (cleaning products)
What causes pollution?
- environment may contain chemicals from vehicle exhausts and industrial emmisions
- household pollutants such as mould and cleaning products emit poisonous gases
What can pollution cause?
- triggers asthma and other diseases such as COPD
- can cause pneumonia
- can weaken immune system
- can trigger allergies
- can affect sleep causing stress and anxiety
How can pollutants cause cardiovascular problems?
- exposure to chemicals in the air can increase the risk of thrombosis and raised blood pressure
- pregnant women inhaling can cause abby to have cardiovascular disease later
How can mould impact an individual?
- respiratory and cardiovascular problems due to bacteria spread
- people with immune suppression are more susceptible to fungal infections
- difficulty breathing
How can lack of heating impact an individual?
- can cause hypothermia
How can overcrowding impact an individual?
-anxiety and depression
- limit access to washing and cooking
- infection is more likely to spread
- issues with lack of access to outdoor exercise
How can unsanitary conditions impact an individual?
spread of infection
How can the inability to repair construction issues impact an individual?
physical injuries can occur
How can poor quality housing cause cardiovascular problems?
- can lead to stress and impact blood pressure
- may be associated with poor lifestyle such as ready meals and smoking
- lack of green spaces meaning not a lot of physical activity
How can poor quality housing cause hypothermia?
- low income families are unable to heat homes
- older people who live in homes with lack of insulation and poor heating
How can poor quality housing cause anxiety/depression?
- may cause stress and depression and other mental issues
- rising bills can lead to lack of sleep
- children living in overcrowded houses experience mental health issues
How can transport be a barrier to accessing health services?
- may not have access to a car
- may live in remote areas where there is no public transport
How can opening hours be a barrier to accessing health services?
- appointments during working hours may be inconvenient
How can service availability be a barrier to accessing health services?
- specialist services may not always be available in certain geographical areas
- pressures on services may mean long waiting list or time
How can individual circumstances be a barrier to accessing health services?
- mobility (wheelchair)
- individuals with learning needs may find it difficult understanding how to book an app
- sensory difficulties (blind/deaf)
- may not be able to afford childcare
What are 3 social factors that can affect an individual?
- family dysfunction
- bullying
- cultural/religion/beliefs
What is family dysfunction?
- where a family is not providing the benefits that one should receive from a family (support)
What are the benefits of a functional family?
- support each other
- form emotional relationships
- provides a setting that meets basic needs
- provides first experiences of social interaction
Why can a family become dysfunctional?
- family members may be stressed
- adults may have poor parenting skills
- parenting may be inconsistent
What impact does divorce have on development for children?
- children can experience emotional problems that affect their self esteem and self confidence (depression)
- may lack resilience and rely on peers which could lead to drinking or drugs
- more likely to experience underachievement in education
What are the 4 parenting styles?
- authoritative
- authoritarian
- permissive
- uninvolved
What is the authoritative parenting style?
- parents aren’t overly strict
- children brought up to respect authority and develop appropriate values
- children are more resilient and conform easily to social norms
- higher academic performance and less mental health
What is the authoritarian parenting style?
- parents have high expectations often overwhelming their children with strict rules
- children are often rebellious and may become problematic at home and in social settings
-lower academic performance and high mental illness
What is the permissive parenting style?
- parents make few demands and try not to make rules and upset the children
- children lack self-control as they have no boundaries and may experience problems in managing relationships
What is the uninvolved parenting style?
- parents are not involved in their child’s life
- make few demands and lack responsiveness
- child usually are impulsive, take part in delinquency
- more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol and suicide
What is sibling rivalry?
A sense of competition between siblings
What are the effects of bullying?
- undermine self-esteem leading to stress anxiety and depression
- may feel isolated
- self harm
- suicide
How can religion/culture affect medical intervention?
- some religions believe that certain medical procedures are not allowed (JW and blood trans)
- some cultures/religions only seek help from same sex doctors
How can religion/culture affect diet?
- some are not allowed to eat certain foods and others are only allowed to eat it if it’s prepared in a certain way
- jewish people don’t eat pork or shellfish
- hindu/sikh are vegetarian
- muslims don’t eat pork or non halal meats and don’t consume alcohol and have periods of fasting
How does vegetarianism impact development?
- usually have lower risk of high cholesterol, heart disease and high no
- iron, calcium and vitamin b12 deficiency due to no meat and fish may affect production of red blood cells and muscle function
What are the positive effects of culture and beliefs on development?
- allow them to socialise with like minded people
- feel accepted and understood
- leads to a more tolerant and diverse society
What are the negative effects of culture and beliefs on development?
- may face discrimination
- may feel excluded at times
- may not feel valued because their culture is not understood
