A4 Social Development Flashcards
What is social development?
Learning how to interact socially with other individuals
What are the 3 types of play+ages?
- Solo play (0-18mo)
- Parallel play (18mo-2yr)
- Co-operative play (3-8yr)
What is solo play?
- When infants play independently
- They have limited social, cognitive and physical skills
What is parallel play?
- Play alongside each other but are still independent
- They haven’t developed sharing skills required for group play
- They may still show an interest in what others are doing
What is co-operative play?
- Children play together with others and share/take turns
- Establish important friendships and may have a ‘best friend’
Why are friendships important?
- Provide emotional support
- Support a healthy lifestyle
- Avoid loneliness
- Give a sense of belonging
- Promote happiness
What are the effects of peer pressure?
- Adolescents become more independent and free from family
- Influences values, views and opinions
- It can encourage risky behaviour such as drinking alcohol and having unprotected sex
What are formal relationships?
Develop between people who are not related or friends (colleagues)
What are informal relationships?
- Develop working families and significant people in individuals’ lives
- promote a positive self concept
How do relationships develop in infancy?
- Interact with parents
- Smile at faces
- Can distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar faces
How do relationships develop in early childhood?
- Begin to learn social roles
- Learn to co-operate with other children
- Begin to form friendships through play
How do relationships develop in adolescence?
- self worth is dependent on their peers
- style, beliefs and values are also influenced by friends
How do relationships develop in early/middle adulthood?
- forming intimate partnerships (e)
- may have limited social time due to life pressures (m)
How do relationships develop in later adulthood?
- more free time to develop friendships and spend time with family
How does independence develop in infancy/early childhood?
- initially ate very reliant on parents
- start to become more independent with eating and dressing
- starting school
- start making their own choices (friends)
How does independence develop in adolescence?
- see themselves as separate from the family
- influenced by peer group norms and values
- can learn from real-life experiences
- starting employment and gaining financial independence
How does independence develop in early adulthood?
- starting employment and becoming financially independent
- responsibilities starting a family
- moving out and leaving home is a major event
How does independence develop in middle adulthood?
- can pursue hobbies and interests
- reach peak of their career
- more disposable income increasing independence
How does independence develop in later adulthood?
- retirement allows them to have a busy social life
- gain free bus passes maintaining independence
- some may be lonely or have mobility problems decreasing independenve
