A3 Emotional Development

Question 1

What is emotional literacy?

Answer 1

The ability to recognise, understand and appropriately express emotions

Question 2

What is empathy?

Answer 2

The ability to understand and identify another persons situation or feelings

Question 3

What is attachment

Answer 3

A strong emotional connection between a child and caregiver

Question 4

What is self image?

Answer 4

The way an individual sees themselves and their mental image of themselves

Question 5

What is self esteem?

Answer 5

How a person feels about themselves self worth or pride

Question 6

What does Bowlby say about attachment during infancy?

Answer 6

• Infants have an inbuilt need to form an attachment
• The quality of this attachment may affect emotional development for the rest of the child’s life

Question 7

Why is attachment important?

Answer 7

• Secure attachments lead to happier and healthier attachments later in life

Question 8

What happens if an insecure attachment occurs?

Answer 8

• Behavioural issues
• Lack of ability to receive affection
• Manipulative behaviour

Question 9

What did Bowlby believe about attachment?

Answer 9

• Early experiences influence development later in life
• It aids survival
• It was an innate need for a child to attach to at least one main attachment figure (monotropy) was usually the mother

Question 10

What was Bowlby’s critical and sensitive periods for attachment?

Answer 10

• critical — 0 to 2.5
• sensitive — up to the age of 5

Question 11

What did Bowlby believe about the disruption of attachment?

Answer 11

It would cause irreversible long term consequences

Question 12

What is maternal deprivation?

Answer 12

• The separation or loss of the mother and the failure of an attachment developing

Question 13

What could maternal deprivation cause?

Answer 13

• The continual disruption could cause long term cognitive, social and emotional difficulties for the infant
• delinquency
• reduced intelligence
• increased aggression
• depression
• affection less psychopathy

Question 14

What is the internal working model?

Answer 14

-A schema about how future relationships should be
- If a child experiences poor early relationships they may think this is normal
(mother acts as a relationship prototype)

Question 15

What are emotional impacts of disrupted attachment?

Answer 15

• struggle with self esteem and confidence
• need constant reassurance
• suppress their feelings
• more likely to struggle with depression/anxiety

Question 16

What are the social impacts of disrupted attachment?

Answer 16

• less independent
• poor communication skills
• more likely to engage in criminal behaviour
• egocentric and more likely to be aggressive

Question 17

What research supports Bowlby’s theory?

Answer 17

• 44 thieves study
• over 50% of them had experiences separation from their mother for 6 months+ during the critical period

Question 18

What research disproves Bowlby’s theory?

Answer 18

-Czech Twins
- Mother died and they were neglected until 7 years old but have been able to form healthy attachments and fit into society

Question 19

What are the strengths of Bowlby’s theory?

Answer 19

• Backed by evidence (44 thieves)
• Practical Applications (hospitalised children’s parents can stay/ maternity and paternity pay)

Question 20

What are the criticisms of Bowlby’s theory?

Answer 20

• Ignores nature
• Outdated (1950s)
• Disproven (Czech twins)
• Lack of scientific evidence that attachment is innate

Question 21

What did Mary Ainsworth believe?

Answer 21

Attachment could impact later kids and age categorised children on their attachment type

Question 22

What behaviours are securely attached children likely to portray?

Answer 22

• Getting upset when they are left but can be soothed
• Happy when reunited
• Clear preference to primary care giver

Question 23

What behaviours are insecurely attached (ambivalent) children likely to portray?

Answer 23

• extremely suspicious of strangers
• distress when separated from care giver but not comforted when they return

Question 24

What behaviours are insecurely attached (avoidant) children likely to portray?

Answer 24

• avoid patents and care givers
• show no preference between parent and stranger

Question 25

What did Schaffer and Emerson (1964) believe?

Answer 25

• Babies form attachments to caregivers that respond effectively to their signals and doesn’t have to be who they spend a lot of time with (sensitive responsiveness)
• More important for adult to interact and play w them rather than just doing basic needs (feed)