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Biology > B3 + B4 > Flashcards

B3 + B4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cells

A

Building blocks of cells

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2
Q

Tissues

A

A group of cells with a similar structure or function

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3
Q

Organs

A

Group of tissues working together to do a specific job

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4
Q

Organ system

A

Group of organs that carry out a specific job

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5
Q

The mouth

A

Where the teeth and tongue work together to chop and grind the food into smaller pieces

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6
Q

Salivary glands

A

Produce an enzyme called amylase which catalyses the reaction to break down the starch into simple sugars. Also makes mucus which makes the food slippery to swallow

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7
Q

Emulsification

A

Bile breaks down the fat in the food into smaller droplets which mix together to form watery liquids

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8
Q

The gallbladder

A

Bile is stored there it travels along the bile duct and into the small intestine.

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9
Q

Ileum glands

A

Produce enzymes to break down food

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10
Q

The oesophagus

A

Has a muscled wall, these contract behind the food to push it in a wave like motion

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11
Q

The stomach

A

Food enters the stomach through the ring of muscle called the sphincter

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12
Q

Sphincter

A

Contractions of the muscle churn up food into a liquid known as chyme

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13
Q

Stomach - what happens

A

Mixes the food with stomach acid so they can regulate the protein digesting enzymes so they can work efficiently, also kills the bacteria that is digested with the food

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14
Q

The pancreas

A

A gland which secretes the hormones which controls glucose levels in the blood. This rises after eating which means insulin is released and then it is converted into glycerol for storage in the liver

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15
Q

The large intestine

A

Made up of the colon, appendix and rectum, all the food had been digested and absorbed into the blood, the colon absorbed the water into the blood and poo is made

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16
Q

What is everything broken down to
Proteins
Carbs
Lipids

A

Proteins are broken down into amino acids
Carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars
Lipids are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol

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17
Q

Protease
Act on substrate
Products
Where

A

Act on substrate - protein
Products - amino acids
Where - stomach and small intestine

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18
Q

Carbohydrase
Act on substrate
Products
Where

A

Carbohydrates
Simple sugar
Mouth and small intestine

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19
Q

Amylase
Act on substrate
Products
Where

A

Carbohydrates
Simple sugar
Mouth and small intestine

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20
Q

Lipase
Act on substrate
Products
Where

A

Fats and lipids
Fatty acids and glycerol
Small intestine

21
Q

Enzymes

A

a biological catalyst that doesn’t take part in the reaction, but speeds it up

22
Q

Lock and key

A

Substrate is the substance on which an enzyme acts upon ( building or breaking down) - food particles

23
Q

Benidicts solution

A

Sugar test

24
Q

Iodine

A

Starch

25
Q

Blurest test

A

Protien

26
Q

Ethanol

A

Lipids

27
Q

Active site

A

Middle of lock and key

28
Q

Combined enzyme and substate complex

A

The substrate of the reaction fits perfectly into the enzyme like a lock and key. It goes straight into the active site.

29
Q

The effect of Temperature on enzyme activity

A

higher than 40 degrees. This is because the temperature increases more of the energy is being realsed, meaning the kenetic energy is allowing it to move quicker, allowing more reactions to take place in the enzymes. However, if it becomes hotter than 41 degrees the enzymes will begin to die and deactivate resulting in death.

30
Q

Ph effect

A

Force and shape on the enzyme

31
Q

Components to the blood

A

red blood cells , white blood cells, plasma, platelets

32
Q

Function if a red blood cell

A

packed with haemoglobin which binds with oxogen - it also transports the oxogen around the body

33
Q

White blood cells

A

Bigger than red blood cells , and help fight harmful microorganisms and digest bacteria and diseases

34
Q

Plasma

A

Yellow liquid to transport waste co2 around the body to digest in the small intestine

35
Q

Platelets

A

Small fragments of cells which repair blood clots and scabs

36
Q

High in oxogen =

A

Oxygenated

37
Q

Low in oxogen

A

Deoxygenated

38
Q

Double system

A

Two loops that the blood circulates

39
Q

Blood suppies what

A

Oxogen and glucoses

40
Q

Levels of organisation in a plant

A

Cells -——> palisade cell, epidermal cell, guard cell
Tissue ——-> palisade mesophyll, epidermal mesophyll, xylem phloem
Organs——-> leaf

41
Q

Guard cells

A

Guard cells - control the opening and closing of the stomata

42
Q

Stomata

A

Stomata - allows gases to move in and out of the leaf and into the mesophyll tissue

43
Q

Spongy mesophyll

A

Spongy mesophyll - carry out photosynthesis but also have big air spaces and a large surface area to make the diffusion of gasses quicker and easier

44
Q

Palisade mesophyll

A

Palisade mesophyll - carry out photosynthesis as they have lots of chloroplast

45
Q

Upper and lower epidermal

A

Upper and lower epidermal - cover the surface of the leaf and protects them

46
Q

Field view equation

A

Field number | objective magnification

47
Q

Volume equation

A

Volume = pi r2 x h

48
Q

Rates of reaction equation

A

Volume | time

49
Q

Rates of reaction units

A

mm3 min -1

Biology (8 decks)

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