B1 + B2 Flashcards
Plant cell
Cell wall Nucleus Vacuole Chloroplast Cell membrane Cytoplasm Mitochondria
Vacuole
Space in the cytoplasms filled with cell sap
Important for keeping the cell to support plant
Chloroplast
Are found in all the green parts They are green because they contain chloroplast, it absorbs light so the plant can make food by photosynthesis
Cyptoplasm
A liquid gel in which the organelles are suspended and where most of the chemical reactions needed to create life. Physical respiration
Nucleus
Controls all activity of the cell in the surrounded by the the nucleus membrane. It contains the genes in the chromosomes that carry the instructions for rebuilding cells
Mitochondria
Structures in the cyptoplasm where aerobic respiration takes place ready to give energy to the cell
Ribosomes
Where protein synthesis takes place making the proteins for the cell
Nm — ym
Divide by 1000
Other way round is x 1000
Ym — mm
Divide by 1000
Other way round is x 1000
Mm— cm
Divide by 10
Times by 10 other way
Cm —- m
Divide by 100
Other way round is x 100
M —- km
Divide by 1000
Other way round is x 1000
Image size =
Actual size x magnification
Actual size =
Image size divide by magnification
Magnifaction =
Image size divides by Actual size
Specialised cells
Specialised cells are cells that have developed certain characteristics to perform a particular function.
Work out total magnification
To get the total magnification take the power of the objective (4X, 10X, 40x) and multiply by the power of the eyepiece, usually 10X
Diffusion
Diffusion the net movement of particles from an area pf high concentration to a low concentration. Diffusion is passive- requires no energy
Osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through partially permeable membrane eg cell membrane
Osmosis key points
Osmosis refers to the movement of WATER from a HIGH concentration of WATER to a low concentration through a partially permeable membrane (ppm)
IF you refer to SOLUTIONS it will be from LOW to HIGH. DILUTE to CONCENTRATED
Active transport
Active transport is a process used by cells to move cells across cell membranes against the flow of concentration . Cells move through concentration gradient from a low concentration to high concentration
Mitosis
Mitosis starts when 1 cell makes a direct copy of each chromosome and then it divides into a full set of chromosomes and then the process repeats
Eukaryotic cells
Have a cell membrance, cytoplasm, and genetic material all in a nucleus. Have DNA
Prokaryotes size
0.2 - 2.0 um in length amd 1-2 orders smaller than eukaryotes ( much smaller )
