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Unit 3 Anatomy & Physiology > B3 - > Flashcards

B3 - Flashcards

1
Q

What is inspiration?

A

Breathing in

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2
Q

What is expiration?

A

Breathing out

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3
Q

What is pulmonary ventilation?

A

Respiration and expiration of air from the atmosphere to the lungs and back again

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4
Q

What is external respiration?

A

The exchange of gases between air and lungs

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5
Q

What is internal respiration?

A

The exchange of gases between blood and cells

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6
Q

What is the 1st step of the inhalation process?

A

Air is inhaled through the nose and mouth and flows down the trachea

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7
Q

What is the 2nd step of the inhalation process?

A
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8
Q

What is the 3rd step of the inhalation process?

A
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9
Q

What is the 4th step of the inhalation process?

A
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10
Q

What is the 5th step of the inhalation process?

A
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11
Q

What is the 6th step of the inhalation process?

A
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12
Q

What is the 7th step of the inhalation process?

A
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13
Q

What is the 8th step of the inhalation process?

A
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14
Q

What are the functions of the trachea?

A
  • the cartilage strengthens and supports
  • the ciliated epithelium traps mucus and dust (also happens in the lungs)
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15
Q

What are the functions of the bronchi?

A
  • cartilage/smooth muscles strengthen and support
  • ciliated epithelium (CE) traps mucus and dust (also happens in the nose)
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16
Q

What are the functions of the lungs?

A
  • space for the heart
  • diffusion of gases
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17
Q

What is the function of the bronchioles?

A

The CE traps dust and mucus

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18
Q

What is the function of the alveolar sacs?

A

This is where the diffusion of gases happens

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19
Q

What happens when the diaphragm moves down (breathing in)?

A

This increases the chest area for air to enter the lungs (caused by contraction of the diaphragm) then the intercostal muscles work together by contracting to pull the rib cage upwards

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20
Q

Nuij

A

Nujiijj

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21
Q

What happens when the diaphragm relaxes?

A

The chest space decreases which forces air out of the lungs. Then the intercostal muscles work together to pull the rib cage downwards

22
Q

What are the 3 enzymes you need to know?

A
  1. Amylase
  2. Protease
  3. Lipases
23
Q

What are enzyme are carbohydrates broken down by?

A

Amylase

24
Q

Where are the 3 places amylase is made?

A
  1. Salivary glands
  2. Pancreas
  3. Small intestine
25
Q

What do amylase produce?

A

Maltose

26
Q

What happens to the food after they are broken down into maltose?

A

Stored as glycogen or fat

27
Q

What are some examples of carbohydrates (starch foods)?

A
  • pasta
  • potatoes
  • rice
28
Q

What is the enzyme protein is broken down by?

A

Protease

29
Q

Where are 3 places protease is made?

A
  1. Stomach
  2. Pancreas
  3. Small intestine
30
Q

What do protease produce?

A

Amino acids

31
Q

What happens to the food after they are broken down as amino acids?

A

The liver converts excess amino acids into ammonia to be excreted as urea in urine (deamination)

32
Q

What are some examples of protein food?

A
  • nuts
  • meats
  • beans
33
Q

What is the enzyme fats (lipids) broken down into?

A

Lipases

34
Q

What are the 2 places Lipases are made?

A
  1. Pancreas
  2. Small intestine
35
Q

What are the 2 things Lipase produce?4

A
  1. Fatty acids
  2. Glycerol
36
Q

What happens to the food after they are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol?

A

Excess fat is stored as lipids

37
Q

What are the 3 things that cause ulcers?

A
  1. Bacterial infection
  2. Long term use of pain killers
  3. Inflammation
38
Q

What are the 2 symptoms of ulcers?

A
  1. Severe pain
  2. Blood in vomit or stool
39
Q

What are the long term impacts of ulcers?

A
  • creates a hole (perforation)
  • creates obstruction of digestive system
40
Q

What are the 2 causes of coeliac disease?

A
  1. Auto immune disease
  2. Allergy to gluten
41
Q

What are the 3 symptoms of coeliac disease?

A
  1. Vomitting
  2. Diarrhoea
  3. Discomfort
42
Q

What treatment can help coeliac disease

A

A gluten free diet

43
Q

What causes type A hepatitis?

A

Poor hygiene or sanitation

44
Q

What causes type B hepatitis?

A

Blood borne/bodily fluid virus ( sexual contact, shared needles and mother to baby)

45
Q

What causes type C hepatitis?

A

Blood borne (needles)
Alcohol - excessive drinking

46
Q

What are the symptoms of hepatitis?

A

Sickness caused by toxin build up
- tiredness caused by liver failure
- jaundice (yellow skin/eyes)

47
Q

What are the long term impacts of hepatitis?

A
  • liver failure
  • liver cirrhosis
48
Q

What is liver function?

A

Possess blood and breaks down

49
Q

What is the function of the skeletal system?

A

Movement - provide support for muscle attachment which allows bones to move

Protection - protect vital organs such as the brain and lungs

Support - skeleton supports our organs and keeps them in place

Production and storage - manufactures blood cells and stores things such as minerals

50
Q

What is osteoarthritis!

A

A degenerative joint disease

51
Q

What causes osteoarthritis?

A

A breakdown of cartilage in the joints

52
Q

What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis?

A
  • pain
  • impair movements

Unit 3 Anatomy & Physiology (17 decks)

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