B3 Flashcards
What is obesity according to the henneke model?
7 - Fleshy
8 - Fat
9 - Extremely fat
What are some factors of obesity?
- Imbalance of feed in/out
- Genetics
- Altered hormone regulation
What is meant by imbalance of feed in/out?
- Inappropriate energy dense feeds
- Low exercise level
- Overfeeding i.e. too much energy to horse not utilising it (hobby horse)
- Ponies with 24-hour access to pasture consume 5% BW of DM= “grandma effect”
What can obesity increase the risk of?
- Orthopaedic disorders
- Endocrine and metabolic disorders
- Abdominal/intestinal disorders
- Miscellaneous
What type of endocrine and metabolic disorders can obesity lead to?
Equine metabolic syndrome
Insulin resistance
Glucose intolerance
Hyperlipemia and hepatic lipidosis
What type of orthopaedic disorders can obesity lead to?
Laminitis
Osteoarthritisespecially in front legs, carry more wight)
What type of miscellaneous disorders can obesity lead to?
- Heat intolerance
- Exercise intolerance
- Exacerbation of an ageing related proinflammatory state
- Obese pregnant mares, leading to foals with DOD and insulin resistance
Name an equine metabolic syndrome disesae that can result in obesity?
Insulin resistancy
How to treat Equine metabolic syndrome and obesity?
- Increased exercise to allow for weight loss and the utilisation of glucose
- No concentrates/grains, soak the hay to remove the sugars (also removes dust)
- Limit grass by either muzzling the horse or keep them on a dry lot
- Supplements are given due to the lowered feed intake
- Metformin is given to decrease GNG of the liver and Levothyroxine is given to increase the metabolic rate
What is starvation?
Suffering due to lack of food.
We have acute or chronic starvation
What is chronic starvation?
This can be seen in horses with dental issues or from disorders of malabsorption or maldigestion.
What does chronic starvation result in?
- Decresed metablic rate
- Decreased BSC
- decreased immune status
- EGUS
Diet of a horse suffering from chronic starvtation:
- feed slow and in small amounts to prevent dysbiosis.
- Give good quality haylage or alfalfa: 1kg every 2 hours.
What is acute starvation?
may be a result of diseases, pregnancy, insulin resistance, and stress.
What can acute starvation cause?
the body is not receiving enough glucose, it begins to mobilise fat reserves i.e. hyperlipidaemia and hepatic lipidosis
Diet of a horse suffering from acute starvation:
- Molasses coated grain
- High quality hay to prevent dysbiosis
- Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) help protein and glucose production
