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Animal Nutrition Oral - Equine > A7 > Flashcards

A7 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the factors of what regulates a horse appetite:

A

The volume of different parts of the intestinal tract
The rate of passage of the digesta
The nutrient content of the digesta
The energy demands of the horse
The energy density and its chemical form in the feed

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2
Q

How much saliva is produced and what is the pH?

A

Saliva: 35-40L/day
pH: 8.6-9.1

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3
Q

what is the pH of the oesphagus?

A

7

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4
Q

Why can horses not vomit?

A

Because the cardiac sphincter does not relax

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5
Q

How big is the stomach of a horse?

A

8-15 L, quite small due to the large size

It is recommened to give smaller, more frequent meals

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6
Q

Explain the non-glandular stomach:

A

pH: 6-7

It has no protection from acid, so it is a prone area to have ulcers.
The stomach secrets bacteria to allow carbohydrate digestion to produce lactic acid

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7
Q

Explain the glandular stomach:

A

pH: 1-2

There is continous acid production (HCL) and digestive enzymes such as lipase and pepsin.

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8
Q

Explain the small intestine, and what they do/what they secret:

A

Contains pancreatic juice containing high aomunt of lipase(for fat diestion) but low amount of trypsinogen and amylase for carbohydrate digestion.

Foal: Lactase is primary digestive enzyme until 2-4months, cannot be weaned before this.

At 4 years: lactase=0

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9
Q

Where are the VFA produced and tell the % of them:

A

VFA=Volatile Fatty acids

In the caecum and large intestines

Acetate: 75%
Propionate: 17%
Butyrate: 6%

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10
Q

How much intake of voluntary DMI?

A

2% of BW

Lactating mares: 3%

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11
Q

What happen if the voluntary DMI intake is below optimal?

A

Thee will be less saliva produced, and we can start to see stereotypic behaviours

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12
Q

What can the DMI depend on?

A

Physiological status: lactation, pregnancy, growth

Also depends on the feed given

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13
Q

What type of energy is need in horse and how to express it? What is the energy for maintenance?

A

Digestibly energy expressed in MJ

DE for maintenance is: 0.14 MJ x BW

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14
Q

Different activity reflects on the energy requirements. What is the energy requirement and BSC of a pleasure horse

A

1.20 x DEmaintenance

BCS: 4-6

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15
Q

Different activity reflects on the energy requirements. What is the energy requirementand BSC of a show/school horse, basic competition?

A

1.40 x DEmaintenance

BCS: 5-6

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16
Q

Different activity reflects on the energy requirements. What is the energy requirement and BSC of a polo, international show jumper, dressage, light eventer?

A

1.60 x DEmaintenace

BCS: 4-5

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17
Q

Different activity reflects on the energy requirements. What is the energy requirement and BSC of a race horse or international eventer horse?

A

1.90 x DEmaintenance

BCS: 4-5

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18
Q

What is the Ca:p ratio of horse?

A

1.5-2:1

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19
Q

What is the Ca:P ratio in a pregnant mare?

A

1.5:1

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20
Q

What is the Ca:P ratio in a growing foal?

A

1.5:1

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21
Q

What is the Ca:P ratio in a lactating mare?

A

1.7:1

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22
Q

What is the needed Ca intake of a horse?

A

Ca=4 g/100 bwkg

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23
Q

What is the needed P intake of a horse?

A

3 g/100 bwk

24
Q

What is the water intake?

A

5L/100kgBW

BUT dependent on several factors

25
Q

What is the water intake dependent on?

A
  1. Feed: Type, amount and quality (High protein, salt etc.)
  2. Temperature
  3. Physiological state: lactation, heavy excercise
  4. metabolic disorders (diabetes)
26
Q

What is the DM content of the food?

27
Q

What is the requirment of water during lactation?

A

12-15L/100kgBW

28
Q

How much water will a horse approx. drink after a heavy exercise in warm climate?

29
Q

Which BCS model is used in horses, and how many numbers?

A

Henneke model
1-9

30
Q

BCS 1 =?

A

Extremeley emaciated

31
Q

BCS 2 =?

32
Q

BCS 3 =?

33
Q

BCS 4 =?

34
Q

BCS 5 =?

35
Q

BCS 6 =?

A

Moderatley fleshy

36
Q

BCS 6 =?

A

Moderatley fleshy

37
Q

BCS 7 =?

38
Q

BCS 8 =?

39
Q

BCS 9 =?

A

Extremely fat

40
Q

What type of feed can horses have?

A

Hay
Silage
Straw
Concentrates

41
Q

What is the minmal daily hay requirement?

A

1% BW roughahe

42
Q

What is the minimal daily hay requirement? And the CF content?

A

1% BW roughage

CF=18%

43
Q

What type of vitamins would you give to a horse and why?

A
  1. Vitamin A/Beta-carotene: Hay stored over time will have a decreased amount of this. If too little= decreased fertility, growth and immunity
  2. Vitamin D: Hay dried in sun have vitamin D.
  3. Vitamin E: For heavy exercised horses, used as antioxidant, deficiency can cause neuromuscular problems.
  4. Vitamin C: Can help with waning, transport, stress or heavy exercise.
44
Q

What is the most common feed supplement to overdose with?

45
Q

What is the Forage/Concentrate ratio in horses who do light work?

46
Q

What is the Forage/Concentrate ratio in horses who do moderate work?

47
Q

What is the Forage/Concentrate ratio in horses who do heavy work?

48
Q

What can an overdose of concentrates leed to?

A

Bacterial dysbiosis due to the overwhelming production of lactate following starch fermentation. Can lead to endotoxemia and acidosis of the gut. Followed by diarrhoea, colic and laminitis.

49
Q

How much concentrates would you give a horse?

A

Max 0.5% of BW

50
Q

How much fat would you give a horse?

A

max. 12-14% of DM each day.

51
Q

What proteins is given in horses?

A

Crude protein and lysine

52
Q

How much of CP and lysine would you give in maintenance?

A

CP: 690 g/day
Syl: 30g/day

53
Q

How much of CP and lysine would you give in heavy work?

A

CP: 940 g/day
Lys: 40 g/day

54
Q

How much of CP and lysine would you give during pregnancy (11 months)?

A

CP: 970 g/day
Lys: 42 g/day

55
Q

How much of CP and lysine would you give during lactation?

A

CP: 1700 g/day
Lys: 92 g/day

56
Q

How much of CP and lysine would you give in a growing horse?

A

CP: 920 g/day
Lys: 40 g/day

Animal Nutrition Oral - Equine (8 decks)

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