B2.6 Old And New Species

Question 1

What’s the difference between vertebrates and invertebrates?

Answer 1

Vertebrates have a spine

Question 2

What are features of mammals

Answer 2

Don’t lay eggs/live young
Fur
Females produces milk

Question 3

What are features of birds?

Answer 3

Feathers

Lay eggs

Question 4

What are features of reptiles

Answer 4

Dry scales

Cold blooded

Question 5

What are features of fish

Answer 5

Wet scales

Gills

Question 6

What are features of amphibians

Answer 6

Moist skin

Gills and lungs

Question 7

The smallest group an organism can be in is a _________

Answer 7

Species

Question 8

What does it mean if you’re in the same species as something?

Answer 8

If you’re in the same species you can breed and produce fertile offspring

Question 9

What are the causes of extinction?

Answer 9

Climate change - global warming/pollution
Infertility - radiation
Predators - new species
Human activity like forest fires
Disease
Lack of food
Natural disasters like meteors
Loss of habitat - urbanisation 
Competition

Question 10

Define extinction

Answer 10

The disappearance of a species either globally or locally

Question 11

What’s biodiversity?

Answer 11

The range of different species in an area or worldwide

Question 12

How much have humans increased the rate of extinction and what’s it causing?

Answer 12

Increased the rate of extinction to 100-1000 times and this causes a decline in global biodiversity

Question 13

What are the ways to stop extinction?

Answer 13

Renewable energy
No deforestation
Recycling
Responsible tourism
Stop using fertilisers
No hunting/poaching
Stop littering or polluting
Reduce the use of fossil fuels

Question 14

What’s a fossil?

Answer 14

Remains of organisms from many thousands or millions of years ago that are found preserved in rocks, ice and other places

Question 15

How do fossils form?

Answer 15

The reptile dies and falls to the ground
The flesh rots, leaving the skeletons to be covered in sand or soil and clay before its damaged
Protected over millions of years, the skeleton becomes mineralised and turns to stone. The rocks shift in the earth with the fossil trapped inside
Eventually the fossil emerges as the rocks move and erosion takes place

Question 16

Why is the fossil record incomplete?

Answer 16

Many of the earliest life forms were soft bodied organisms. This means they have left little fossil trace. Most organisms that died did not become fossilised and many fossils have become destroyed by geological activity. Huge amount of rock have been broken down and as this happens fossil records are lost. There are many fossils still to be found.

Question 17

When do scientists believe life on Earth began?

Answer 17

3.8 billion years ago

Question 18

How did dinosaurs become extinct?

Answer 18

It’s not 100% proven by most likely 65 million years ago three could have been a meteorite causing the climate to change dramatically meaning they couldn’t survive. Or there could have been a disease which wiped out the entire population

Question 19

What’s geographical isolation?

Answer 19

Occurs if an island separates from the mainland or if a new river separates two areas. Natural selection occurs in both areas and the species will adapt differently and eventually become two different species.

Question 20

What’s speciation?

Answer 20

Two populations of species are separated and natural selection occurs in both areas and the alleles that control the characteristic which help the organism to survive are selected. The organisms with these alleles will survive and breed. Speciation has occurred when two populations can no longer successfully interbreed