B1.4 Adaptation For Survival

Question 1

What’s an adaptation?

Answer 1

special features that makes an organism particularly well suited to the environment where it lives.

Question 2

What do organisms compete for?

Answer 2

light
water
nutrients
mates
space

Question 3

What’s an extremophile?

Answer 3

an organism that lives in an extreme environment including, high temps, high pressures

Question 4

What’s a thermophile?

Answer 4

an organism that lives in very high or low temperatures

Question 5

How are polar bears adapted to survival?

Answer 5

large paws for swimming
thick layer of fat to stay warm
nostrils close underwater so they can hold their breath for a long period of time
skin is black under their fur to absorb as much heat from the sun as possible

Question 6

How are camels adapted for survival?

Answer 6

large flat feet to help them walk for long periods
thick fur on the top of their body for shade
last a long time without water
two rows of eyelashes to keep sand out their eyes

Question 7

what’s a carnivore?

Answer 7

an animal that survives only off other meat

Question 8

what’s a herbivore?

Answer 8

an animal that survives off only plants and vegetation

Question 9

what’s an omnivore?

Answer 9

an animal that survives off both meat and vegetation

Question 10

define competition

Answer 10

organisms have to compete with each other for food, light and space

Question 11

define territory

Answer 11

the space an animal owns to hunt and bring up offspring

Question 12

what does intra-specific competition mean?

Answer 12

individuals of the same species competing for things

Question 13

what does inter-specific competition mean?

Answer 13

different species competing for resources

Question 14

how are some plants adapted to survival?

Answer 14

cacti- spikes to keep predators away
- waxy surface to reduce water loss
-deep roots to absorb as much water as possible
marram grass- rolled leaves to trap moist air
-stomata sunk in pits to slow the rat of diffusion

Question 15

what’s the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 15

carbon dioxide + water -(light energy)-> oxygen + glucose

Question 16

how are female fig wasps adapted?

Answer 16

specially shaped heads for getting into fig tree flowers and ovipositers that allow them to place eggs deep inside the flower. some male fig wasps spend their lives waiting for a female in the plant.

Question 17

how would you measure oxygen, temperature and rainfall levels in the environment?

Answer 17

oxygen - oxygen metre
temperature - thermometer
rainfall - rain gauge

Question 18

what’s a quadrat?

Answer 18

it’s a square frame that you lay on the ground and it investigates to population of plants in a certain area.
sample areas are random to make it unbiased and you can do this by throwing the quadrat behind you.

Question 19

what’s a line transect?

Answer 19

a tape which you stretch between two points and you use quadrats at regular intervals to count the amount of organisms along the transect. it shows the distribution of organisms over a long period of habitat.

Question 20

what things affect organism distribution?

Answer 20

climate change

mate availability

Question 21

what are some organisms that detect environmental change?

Answer 21

lichens determine air pollution by being more bushy if it’s clean air and crusty if it’s polluted
some fish can change colour underwater due to salt content and pollution in the sea