B1.2 Coordination And Control Flashcards
Name you sense organs
Eye Ear Nose Tongue Skin
What is the brain process that happens if a soldier heard bullets and then ducks under fire?
Stimulus - bullet shot heard
Receptor - vibration receptors in ear stimulated. Electrical impulse sent along sensory neurone
Coordinators - brain or spinal cord. Electrical impulse along motor neurone
Effector - muscles in leg stimulated
Response - muscles in leg activated and he ducks
What’s a synapse?
A junction between two neurons where the transmission of information is chemical rather than electrical.
Define sensory neurone
Carries impulses from receptor to spinal cord
Define spinal cord
A bunch of nerves that travels up to the brain
Define stimulus
A change in the environment
Smell, temperature, sound…
Define response
How your body reacts to the change in stimulus
Define receptor
Sensor in the body that detects stimuli
Eg. Nerves, taste buds
Define effector
This is where the effect is felt
Eg. A muscle that tightens
Define motor neurone
Carries nervous impulses from the CNS to the effector
Define CNS
Central nervous system
Consists of the brain and spinal cord
What’s your brain?
Centre of thought processes
Coordinates responses
Some responses are automatic
What’s a reflex?
An automatic response. They help you avoid danger because they happen so fast.
What three neurones do reflexes involve?
Sensory
Motor
Relay (connects sensory and motor neurones)
What are the five basic steps on a reflex action?
Stimulus -> receptor -> coordinator -> effector -> response
What are the steps in your brain when you touch a hot plate?
The stimulus is you touching the hot plate.
The sense it receptor in your skin of your finger is triggered. Sensory neurone crosses the relay neurone (synapse) and then the motor neurone goes to your bicep muscles to make you withdraw your hand.
Name an example of a reflex action we do constantly.
Breathing or swallowing
The impulses bypass the conscious part of your brain so you do it subconsciously
What’s oestrogen? Where’s it produced?
Ovaries
Stops FSH being produced so that only one egg matures in a cycle
Stimulates pituitary gland to release LH
Stimulates the womb lining to develop to receive the fertilised egg
What’s FSH and where is it produced?
Made by pituitary gland
Causes egg to mature and oestrogen to be produced
What’s LH and wheres it produced?
Made in pituitary gland
Stimulates the mature egg to be released from the ovary (ovulation)
What are hormones?
Chemical substances that coordinate many processes within your body
What’s a target organ?
They are where your hormones are carried to
What are glands?
Make and release hormones
When is the egg released in the menstrual cycle?
Day 12-16
When does your old egg leave your body in the menstrual cycle?
Day 0-5
When is the new egg in the womb in the menstrual cycle?
Day 20-28
When is LH, oestrogen and FSH at its highest during the menstrual cycle?
Around day 12
What’s infertility?
When a couple are unable to conceive naturally.
What are the pros of oral contraceptives?
Doesn’t interrupt sex
Lighter periods
Reduces risk of cancer
Reduces ache
What are the cons of oral contraceptives?
Temporary side effects (mood swings, headaches) Increase blood pressure Doesn't stop STI's Breakthrough bleeding Risk of blood clots or breast cancer
What is the oral contraceptive?
Contains artificial oestrogen and progesterone. Stops fertilisation or treats painful or heavy periods. 99% effective. Hormones trick body into thinking its pregnant which stops it releasing hormones (LH and FSH) which stimulate ovulation.
What are pros of IVF?
Boosts odds of getting pregnant
What are the disadvantages of IVF?
You could get an infection
Expensive
You could get more children than expected
Could be seen as unethical
What is IVF?
Stimulates the development of eggs in the ovaries. The eggs are collected and fertilised in a test tube. They are then returned to the uterus
What is homeostasis?
Keeping a constant internal environment so that our enzymes work properly to carry out chemical reactions. Things that need to be controlled are: Temperature Glucose Water Ions (salt) Carbon dioxide
What’s our body temperature?
37 degrees Celsius
If you get too cold, you can develop ________
Hypothermia
If you get too hot you can develop ________
Hyperthermia
What’s phototropism?
A plants response to light
They grow up, towards light
Auxins are made in the tip of a growing shoot and move down the stem
When a shoot gets light from above the auxins produced at the tip are spread out evenly at the shoot.
As there is an equal amount of auxin in the shoot, the shoot grows straight up.
What’s gravitropism?
The process of how roots grow down.
Auxins slow down growth on the lower side of the root so the root curves down. This means the roots can grow down and collect the nutrients from the ground
What is auxin?
A hormone found in plants that controls and coordinates growth
What two substances are lost during sweating?
Water and ions
How does the sugar in a sports drink help an athlete during a marathon?
Used in respiration
