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GCSE AQA Biology (old spec) > B1.2 Coordination And Control > Flashcards

B1.2 Coordination And Control Flashcards

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1
Q

Name you sense organs

A 
Eye
Ear
Nose
Tongue
Skin
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2
Q

What is the brain process that happens if a soldier heard bullets and then ducks under fire?

A

Stimulus - bullet shot heard
Receptor - vibration receptors in ear stimulated. Electrical impulse sent along sensory neurone
Coordinators - brain or spinal cord. Electrical impulse along motor neurone
Effector - muscles in leg stimulated
Response - muscles in leg activated and he ducks

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3
Q

What’s a synapse?

A

A junction between two neurons where the transmission of information is chemical rather than electrical.

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4
Q

Define sensory neurone

A

Carries impulses from receptor to spinal cord

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5
Q

Define spinal cord

A

A bunch of nerves that travels up to the brain

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6
Q

Define stimulus

A

A change in the environment

Smell, temperature, sound…

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7
Q

Define response

A

How your body reacts to the change in stimulus

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8
Q

Define receptor

A

Sensor in the body that detects stimuli

Eg. Nerves, taste buds

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9
Q

Define effector

A

This is where the effect is felt

Eg. A muscle that tightens

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10
Q

Define motor neurone

A

Carries nervous impulses from the CNS to the effector

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11
Q

Define CNS

A

Central nervous system

Consists of the brain and spinal cord

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12
Q

What’s your brain?

A

Centre of thought processes
Coordinates responses
Some responses are automatic

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13
Q

What’s a reflex?

A

An automatic response. They help you avoid danger because they happen so fast.

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14
Q

What three neurones do reflexes involve?

A

Sensory
Motor
Relay (connects sensory and motor neurones)

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15
Q

What are the five basic steps on a reflex action?

A

Stimulus -> receptor -> coordinator -> effector -> response

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16
Q

What are the steps in your brain when you touch a hot plate?

A

The stimulus is you touching the hot plate.
The sense it receptor in your skin of your finger is triggered. Sensory neurone crosses the relay neurone (synapse) and then the motor neurone goes to your bicep muscles to make you withdraw your hand.

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17
Q

Name an example of a reflex action we do constantly.

A

Breathing or swallowing

The impulses bypass the conscious part of your brain so you do it subconsciously

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18
Q

What’s oestrogen? Where’s it produced?

A

Ovaries
Stops FSH being produced so that only one egg matures in a cycle
Stimulates pituitary gland to release LH
Stimulates the womb lining to develop to receive the fertilised egg

19
Q

What’s FSH and where is it produced?

A

Made by pituitary gland

Causes egg to mature and oestrogen to be produced

20
Q

What’s LH and wheres it produced?

A

Made in pituitary gland

Stimulates the mature egg to be released from the ovary (ovulation)

21
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical substances that coordinate many processes within your body

22
Q

What’s a target organ?

A

They are where your hormones are carried to

23
Q

What are glands?

A

Make and release hormones

24
Q

When is the egg released in the menstrual cycle?

A

Day 12-16

25
Q

When does your old egg leave your body in the menstrual cycle?

A

Day 0-5

26
Q

When is the new egg in the womb in the menstrual cycle?

A

Day 20-28

27
Q

When is LH, oestrogen and FSH at its highest during the menstrual cycle?

A

Around day 12

28
Q

What’s infertility?

A

When a couple are unable to conceive naturally.

29
Q

What are the pros of oral contraceptives?

A

Doesn’t interrupt sex
Lighter periods
Reduces risk of cancer
Reduces ache

30
Q

What are the cons of oral contraceptives?

A 
Temporary side effects (mood swings, headaches)
Increase blood pressure 
Doesn't stop STI's
Breakthrough bleeding
Risk of blood clots or breast cancer
31
Q

What is the oral contraceptive?

A

Contains artificial oestrogen and progesterone. Stops fertilisation or treats painful or heavy periods. 99% effective. Hormones trick body into thinking its pregnant which stops it releasing hormones (LH and FSH) which stimulate ovulation.

32
Q

What are pros of IVF?

A

Boosts odds of getting pregnant

33
Q

What are the disadvantages of IVF?

A

You could get an infection
Expensive
You could get more children than expected
Could be seen as unethical

34
Q

What is IVF?

A

Stimulates the development of eggs in the ovaries. The eggs are collected and fertilised in a test tube. They are then returned to the uterus

35
Q

What is homeostasis?

A 
Keeping a constant internal environment so that our enzymes work properly to carry out chemical reactions.
Things that need to be controlled are:
Temperature
Glucose
Water
Ions (salt)
Carbon dioxide
36
Q

What’s our body temperature?

A

37 degrees Celsius

37
Q

If you get too cold, you can develop ________

A

Hypothermia

38
Q

If you get too hot you can develop ________

A

Hyperthermia

39
Q

What’s phototropism?

A

A plants response to light
They grow up, towards light
Auxins are made in the tip of a growing shoot and move down the stem
When a shoot gets light from above the auxins produced at the tip are spread out evenly at the shoot.
As there is an equal amount of auxin in the shoot, the shoot grows straight up.

40
Q

What’s gravitropism?

A

The process of how roots grow down.
Auxins slow down growth on the lower side of the root so the root curves down. This means the roots can grow down and collect the nutrients from the ground

41
Q

What is auxin?

A

A hormone found in plants that controls and coordinates growth

42
Q

What two substances are lost during sweating?

A

Water and ions

43
Q

How does the sugar in a sports drink help an athlete during a marathon?

A

Used in respiration

GCSE AQA Biology (old spec) (14 decks)

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