B2.2.3 Heart And Blood Flashcards
What is the heart made of?
Cardiac muscle, this muscle is only found in the heart
How many chambers does the heart contain?
Four
What are the smaller chambers at the top called?
Atrua
What are the larger chambers at the bottom called?
Ventricles
Why is the wall of the right ventricle thinner than that of the left ventricle?
The right ventricle pumps blood only to the lungs, which are close by, whereas the left ventricle has a thicker muscle wall as it has to pump blood all around the body
What are red blood cells? (3)
Small biconcave shaped cells that have no nucleus and contain haemoglobin.
Carry oxygen.
Fit through the lumen of the capillary one cell at a time.
What are platelets?
Tiny structures that help the blood to clot.
What is a white blood cell?
-Large cells that contain a nucleus
They fight disease by making antibodies
-Or by changing shape to engulf microorganisms
What is plasma? (3)
-Straw-coloured liquid that blood cells float in
-Over 90% of plasma is water.
-Many materials are transported by being dissolved in plasma.
State examples of materials that are transported by being dissolved in plasma:
-Digested food (such as amino acids and glucose),
-Waste (such as carbon dioxide), hormones, and antibodies.
-Excess water is taken from the large intestine to the kidneys where it is removed.
What is the pulmonary artery?
Takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs and is on the right side of the heart.
What is the aorta?
Takes oxygenated blood to the body and is on the left side of the heart.
What is the vena cava
Brings deoxygenated blood from the body and is located on the right side of the heart.
What is the pulmonary vein?
Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs and is located on the left side of the heart.
What is the tricuspid valve?
Atrioventricular valve that prevents the deoxygenated blood from flowing back into the right atrium.
What is the bicuspid/mitral valve?
Atrioventricular valve that prevents the oxygenated blood from flowing back into the left atrium.
What does the vena cava do
brings deoxygenated blood to the heart from the body
what does the pulmonary artery do?
takes deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
what does the pulmonary vein do?
brings oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs
What does the aorta do?
carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body
what is the use of haemoglobin?
binds to oxygen from the lungs
transports oxygen around body
why are cardiac muscles special?
they contract without receiving a nerve impulse from the brain
What are the functions of semilunar valves?
- permit blood flow into the arteries from the ventricles
- prevents back flow of blood from the arteries to the ventricles
What are semilunar valves?
The valves of the pulmonary artery and aorta.
How does haemoglobin react with oxygen?
- Reacts with it in the lungs forming oxyhaemoglobin
- reversible, when the oxyhaemoglobin reaches the tissues, the oxygen is released
