B2.2.3 Heart And Blood

Question 1

What is the heart made of?

Answer 1

Cardiac muscle, this muscle is only found in the heart

Question 2

How many chambers does the heart contain?

Answer 2

Four

Question 3

What are the smaller chambers at the top called?

Answer 3

Atrua

Question 4

What are the larger chambers at the bottom called?

Answer 4

Ventricles

Question 5

Why is the wall of the right ventricle thinner than that of the left ventricle?

Answer 5

The right ventricle pumps blood only to the lungs, which are close by, whereas the left ventricle has a thicker muscle wall as it has to pump blood all around the body

Question 6

What are red blood cells? (3)

Answer 6

Small biconcave shaped cells that have no nucleus and contain haemoglobin.
Carry oxygen.
Fit through the lumen of the capillary one cell at a time.

Question 7

What are platelets?

Answer 7

Tiny structures that help the blood to clot.

Question 8

What is a white blood cell?

Answer 8

-Large cells that contain a nucleus
They fight disease by making antibodies
-Or by changing shape to engulf microorganisms

Question 9

What is plasma? (3)

Answer 9

-Straw-coloured liquid that blood cells float in
-Over 90% of plasma is water.
-Many materials are transported by being dissolved in plasma.

Question 10

State examples of materials that are transported by being dissolved in plasma:

Answer 10

-Digested food (such as amino acids and glucose),
-Waste (such as carbon dioxide), hormones, and antibodies.
-Excess water is taken from the large intestine to the kidneys where it is removed.

Question 11

What is the pulmonary artery?

Answer 11

Takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs and is on the right side of the heart.

Question 12

What is the aorta?

Answer 12

Takes oxygenated blood to the body and is on the left side of the heart.

Question 13

What is the vena cava

Answer 13

Brings deoxygenated blood from the body and is located on the right side of the heart.

Question 14

What is the pulmonary vein?

Answer 14

Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs and is located on the left side of the heart.

Question 15

What is the tricuspid valve?

Answer 15

Atrioventricular valve that prevents the deoxygenated blood from flowing back into the right atrium.

Question 16

What is the bicuspid/mitral valve?

Answer 16

Atrioventricular valve that prevents the oxygenated blood from flowing back into the left atrium.

Question 17

What does the vena cava do

Answer 17

brings deoxygenated blood to the heart from the body

Question 18

what does the pulmonary artery do?

Answer 18

takes deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 19

what does the pulmonary vein do?

Answer 19

brings oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs

Question 20

What does the aorta do?

Answer 20

carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body

Question 21

what is the use of haemoglobin?

Answer 21

binds to oxygen from the lungs
transports oxygen around body

Question 22

why are cardiac muscles special?

Answer 22

they contract without receiving a nerve impulse from the brain

Question 23

What are the functions of semilunar valves?

Answer 23

• permit blood flow into the arteries from the ventricles
• prevents back flow of blood from the arteries to the ventricles

Question 24

What are semilunar valves?

Answer 24

The valves of the pulmonary artery and aorta.

Question 25

How does haemoglobin react with oxygen?

Answer 25

• Reacts with it in the lungs forming oxyhaemoglobin
• reversible, when the oxyhaemoglobin reaches the tissues, the oxygen is released