B1.12 Bacterial Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What are bacteria?

A

The smallest living organisms (unicellular)

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2
Q

Name two examples of prokaryotes:

A

Escherichia coli (e.coli) - cause food poisoning
Streptococcus bacteria - causes sore throats

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3
Q

What antibiotic comes from streptomyces bacteria?

A

Streptomycin - kills many disease causing bacteria

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4
Q

What sub-cellular structures do prokaryotic cells contain?

A
  • Cell wall
  • Genetic material
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
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5
Q

What is and what are the cell walls function here? (1)

A
  • Made of peptidoglycan which holds the cell together and protects it
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6
Q

How is the genetic material stored here?

A

-Floats freely in the cytoplasm
-In one long strand of DNA called the bacterial chromosome (typically circular

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7
Q

What’s the function of the cytoplasm here?

A
  • a jellylike substance
  • where chemical reactions occur
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8
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane here?

A

Barrier that controls which substances enter and leave the cell.

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9
Q

Some types of bacterial cells have extra sub cellular structures - adaptions to their environment. What are they?

A

-Flagella
-Plasmid
-Pili
-Slime capsule

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10
Q

What is the function of the flagella?

A

Tail like structures that allow the cell to move through liquids.

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11
Q

What are the functions of pili? (2)

A
  • Tiny hairlike structures that enable the cell to attach to structures
  • Transfer genetic material between bacteria
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12
Q

What is the function of the slime capsule? (3)

A
  • layer outside the cell wall
  • protects a bacterium from drying out or from poisonous substances
  • helps the bacteria to stick to smooth surfaces
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13
Q

What is and what are the functions of plasmids? (2)

A
  • A circular piece of DNA used to store extra genes
  • Not needed for bacterium’s day to day survival, may help in times of stress
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14
Q

What are the similarities between plant and bacterial cells?

A

Both have a cell wall, cytoplasm and cell membrane

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15
Q

What are the differences between plant and bacterial cells?

A

Plant cells have chloroplasts, permanent vacuole and nucleus unlike bacterial cells

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