B1.1 Cell Structures Flashcards
What are the two main types of cell?
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic
Where do each of these cell’s contain their genetic material?
Eukaryotic: nucleus
Prokaryotic: floating in the cytoplasm
What is the size range of eukaryotic cell?
10 micrometer (um) - 100 micrometer (um)
What is the size range of prokaryotic cells?
1 micrometre (um) - 10 micrometer (um)
Which sub-cellular structures do ALL eukaryotic cells contain?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria
Those four are the only structures that the animal cell contains. What is the function of a nucleus? (3)
- Controls the activities of the cell.
- Contains the organism’s genetic material
- Contains instructions to make new cells or organisms
What is the function of mitochondrion? (2)
- Where respiration takes place
- Contains the enzymes for respiration
What is the function of the cell membrane? (2)
- a selectively permeable barrier that controls what substances pass into and out of the cell
- contain receptor molecules
What is and what are the function of the cytoplasm? (2)
- a jellylike substance
- chemical reactions that keep the cell alive happen here
Why do plants have extra sub cellular structures unlike animal cells?
They can’t move their whole body from place to place like animals can
What extra sub cellular structures does the plant cell contain?
- cell wall
- vacuole
- chloroplast
What is the function of the chloroplast? (3)
- only in the green parts of the plant
- contains green chlorophyll
- this chlorophyll transfers energy from the Sun as light- essential for photosynthesis
What is the function of the vacuole? (2)
- full of cell sap
- this helps to keep the cell rigid so supporting the plant and keeping it upright
What is cell sap?
Watery solution of sugar and salts
What is and what are the functions of the cell wall? (2)
- surrounds the cell, made of a tough fibre called cellulose
- the cellulose makes the wall rigid and supports the cell
Every single cell of bacteria can carry out the seven life processes. What are they?
-Movement
-Reproduction
-Sensitivity
-Growth
-Respiration
-Excretion
-Nutrition
What’s the relative size of bacteria?
Around 1 micrometre (um) in size
Interesting fact about bacteria:
Hundreds of thousands of bacteria would fit on a full stop.
What are prokaryotes?
Single-celled (uni-cellular) organisms without a nucleus
Name a difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells:
Eukaryotic have nucleus whereas prokaryotic don’t
How do plant cells remain rigid? (2)
The cell wall surrounding the cell supports it and keeps it rigid. The vacuole also helps as it contains cell sap which keeps the cell rigid, supporting the plant and keeping it upright.
Why do plant cells have chloroplasts and animal cells don’t?(2)
Chloroplasts are essential for photosynthesis. Plants undergo photosynthesis to make their own food, animals don’t photosynthesise.
Why do leaf cells have chloroplasts and root cells don’t? (2)
Chloroplasts are only found in green areas of the plant such as stem and leaves. These are higher up the plant as they take in the energy provided by the sun for photosynthesis. As roots are underground, they don’t have access to sunlight and therefore don’t require chloroplasts.
Suggest why it is important for muscle cells to contain many mitochondria: (1)
In order to provide enough energy for the muscle cells to enable movement.
Algae are eukaryotic organisms. They live in water and make their own food using photosynthesis. State and
explain which subcellular features you would expect to find in an algal cell.
(6 marks)
Cell membrane - to allow selected substances into or out of the cell
Cell wall - to provide structure
Chloroplasts - to allow the algal cell to produce its own food via photosynthesis
Cytoplasm - where the cell reactions take place
Mitochondria - to release energy for the algal cells
Nucleus - to control the activities of the algal cells
Vacuole - to keep the cells rigid [each worth 1 mark]
Suggest the name of the disease caused by pneumococcal bacteria:
Pneumonia
What are two adaptions that the bacterial cell may have? Explain
Flagella- tail like structures that allow the cell to move through liquids
Slime capsule- layer outside cell wall that protects bacterium from drying out, also helps bacteria stick to smooth substances.
