B1.2 What Happens In Cells? Flashcards
Where’s is DNA found?
In the nucleus of cells
What is each molecule of DNA called?
Each long molecule of DNA is a chromosome
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46 unless your autistic like Saanvi you might have a bit of one missing then/ 23 pairs
Why do children look like their parents but not identical?
Because they inherit half of their chromosomes from their mum and half from their dad meaning they share DNA with both, they don’t share all of one parent’s DNA
Which is bigger, a chromosome or a gene?
A chromosome, genes are inside chromosome
What is a gene
A small section of DNA that codes for a characteristic
What is the function of a gene?
Code for all the proteins needed to make an organism
What is the function of DNA? (2)
DNA carries genetic information
Which are essentially the instructions that determine your characteristics
What are chromosomes made of?
A chemical called deoxyribonucleic acid
How is DNA structured? (3)
2 long strands twisted together into a double helix, the strands are nucleotides meaning that DNA is a polymer as nucleotides are monomers. One base, one deoxyribose and one phosphate in each nucleotide
What are the four bases of nucleotides?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
The nucleotides are linked together to make the strands. Which bases pair together?
A+T, C+G
What are nucleotides made up of?
A sugar (called deoxyribose)
A phosphate group
A base
Arrange by smallest to largest: nucleus, gene, chromosome, cell,nucleotide
Nucleotide
Gene
Chromosome
Nucleus
Cell
What is the bonding between the base pairs called?
Complementary base pairing
