B2.1 - Cells And Simple Cell Transport

Question 1

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 1

Controlling the activities in the cell.

Question 2

What happens in the cytoplasm?

Answer 2

Most of the chemical reactions.

Question 3

What is the purpose of the cell membrane?

Answer 3

To control which substances enter and leave the cell.

Question 4

What happens in the mitochondria?

Answer 4

Most of the reactions for respiration take place here, and energy is released.

Question 5

What happens in the ribosomes?

Answer 5

Proteins are made (protein synthesis).

Question 6

What features are there in plant cells that are not in animal cells? (3)

Answer 6

1. Chloroplasts.
2. Permanent vacuole.
3. Cell wall.

Question 7

What is the purpose of a cell wall?

Answer 7

To support and strengthen the cell.

Question 8

What does a vacuole do?

Answer 8

Control the water content of the cell.

Question 9

What is the vacuole filled with?

Answer 9

Cell sap.

Question 10

What do chloroplasts do?

Answer 10

The chlorophyll in the chloroplasts absorb light energy for photosynthesis.

Question 11

What are the features of a yeast cell? (4)

Answer 11

1. Nucleus.
2. Cytoplasm.
3. Cell membrane.
4. Cell wall.

Question 12

What is unusual about a bacterial cell?

Answer 12

The genetic material floats about in the cytoplasm because they do not have a nucleus.

Question 13

What are the features of a bacterial cell? (4)

Answer 13

1. Cytoplasm.
2. Cell membrane.
3. Cell wall.
4. Genetic material.

Question 14

How are red blood cells adapted to carry oxygen?

Answer 14

1. Concave shape - Greater surface area for oxygen to bind to/can pass through capillaries more smoothly.
2. Full of haemoglobin - Absorbs oxygen.
3. No nucleus - More room for haemoglobin.

Question 15

How are palisade leaf cells adapted for photosynthesis? (3)

Answer 15

1. Full of chloroplasts - Where photosynthesis occurs.
2. Tall shape - Larger surface area for absorbing CO2.
3. Thin shape - More can be packed at the top of the leaf.

Question 16

How are guard cells adapted to open and close pores? (5)

Answer 16

1. Kidney shape - Opens and closes the stomata.
2. Plump and turgid when the plant is full of water - The stomata open and gases can be exchanged for photosynthesis.
3. Flaccid when the plant is short of water - The stomata close, which prevents water from escaping.
4. Thin outer walls and thick inner walls - What makes the opening and closing work.
5. Sensitive to light - Close at night, save water without losing out on photosynthesis.

Question 17

What is the function of guard cells?

Answer 17

Controlling gas exchange and water loss within a leaf.

Question 18

What are the components of an animal cell? (5)

Answer 18

1. Nucleus.
2. Cytoplasm.
3. Cell membrane.
4. Mitochondria.
5. Ribosomes.

Question 19

How are sperm cells specialised? (4)

Answer 19

1. Streamlined head - Can swim faster.
2. Long tail - To propel itself.
3. Mitochondria - Provide lots of energy.
4. Carry enzymes in their head - To digest the egg cell membrane.

Question 20

What is diffusion?

Answer 20

The spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 21

Dissolved substances can move in and out of cells by ___.

Answer 21

Diffusion.

Question 22

What are examples of molecules that cannot diffuse through a cell membrane and why?

Answer 22

Starch and proteins because they are too big.