B1.4 - Independence And Adaptation

Question 1

What do animals compete for? (4)

Answer 1

1. Space.
2. Food.
3. Water.
4. Mates.

Question 2

What are the names of organisms adapted to survive in extreme conditions?

Answer 2

Extremophiles.

Question 3

What extreme conditions can extremophiles live in? (3)

Answer 3

1. Concentrations of salt.
2. Temperatures.
3. Pressures.

Question 4

What do plants compete for? (4)

Answer 4

1. Light.
2. Space.
3. Water.
4. Minerals/nutrients.

Question 5

How are animals adapted to survive in the desert? (4)

Answer 5

1. Large surface area:volume ratio.
2. Efficient water usage.
3. Thin coat/thin layer of body fat.
4. Camouflage.

Question 6

How are animals adapted to survive in the arctic? (3)

Answer 6

1. Small surface area:volume ratio.
2. Well-insulated.
3. Camouflage.

Question 7

Why do desert animals have a large surface area:volume ratio?

Answer 7

To help them lose more body heat.

Question 8

Why are some desert animals a sandy colour?

Answer 8

To help them avoid predators or sneak up on prey.

Question 9

Why do desert animals have a thin layer of body fat?

Answer 9

To help them lose body heat quicker.

Question 10

How are desert animals adapted to improve their efficiency of water storage? (2)

Answer 10

1. They produce small, concentrated amounts of urine.

2. They produce very little sweat.

Question 11

Why do animals in the arctic have a small surface area:volume ratio?

Answer 11

To reduce heat loss.

Question 12

How are arctic animals well-insulated? (2)

Answer 12

1. A thick layer of insulating blubber.

2. Thick hairy coats and greasy fur.

Question 13

Why do arctic animals have white fur?

Answer 13

To help them avoid predators or sneak up on prey.

Question 14

Why do desert plants have a small surface area?

Answer 14

To reduce water loss from their leaves.

Question 15

What do plants have to help them store more water?

Answer 15

Water storage tissues.

Question 16

How do desert plants maximise water absorption? (2)

Answer 16

1. Shallow, extensive roots to absorb water quickly.

2. Deep roots for access to underground water.

Question 17

Why to spines and horns deter predators?

Answer 17

They are harmed by them.

Question 18

Why does poison deter predators?

Answer 18

The predator finds the taste unpleasant.

Question 19

Why do warning colours deter predators?

Answer 19

They confuse the prey with a poisonous organism.

Question 20

How can large ears or the position of the ears help prey escape from their predator?

Answer 20

They will detect the predator earlier.

Question 21

How can long limbs or streamlining help prey escape from their predator?

Answer 21

They can move faster.

Question 22

What are examples of living factors that cause environmental change? (4)

Answer 22

1. Disease.
2. Predators.
3. Prey/food sources
4. Competitors.

Question 23

What are examples of non-living factors that cause environmental change? (3)

Answer 23

1. Temperature.
2. Rainfall.
3. Air/water pollution.

Question 24

What do lichen indicate and how?

Answer 24

Air pollution, because they cannot grow in areas of high carbon dioxide concentration.

Question 25

What do invertebrate animals indicate and how?

Answer 25

Water pollution, because they can’t survive in areas with little oxygen dissolved in the water.

Question 26

How can population size decrease? (3)

Answer 26

1. Pesticides.
2. Less food available.
3. Disease.

Question 27

What are the effects of an increase in population size?

Answer 27

More food for predators.

Question 28

What is used to measure rainfall?

Answer 28

Rain gauges.

Question 29

What is used to measure water pollution?

Answer 29

Dissolved oxygen metres.

Question 30

How is the temperature of the sea measured?

Answer 30

Satellites.

Question 31

How is atmospheric pressure recorded?

Answer 31

Automatic weather stations.