B1.4 - Independence And Adaptation Flashcards
What do animals compete for? (4)
- Space.
- Food.
- Water.
- Mates.
What are the names of organisms adapted to survive in extreme conditions?
Extremophiles.
What extreme conditions can extremophiles live in? (3)
- Concentrations of salt.
- Temperatures.
- Pressures.
What do plants compete for? (4)
- Light.
- Space.
- Water.
- Minerals/nutrients.
How are animals adapted to survive in the desert? (4)
- Large surface area:volume ratio.
- Efficient water usage.
- Thin coat/thin layer of body fat.
- Camouflage.
How are animals adapted to survive in the arctic? (3)
- Small surface area:volume ratio.
- Well-insulated.
- Camouflage.
Why do desert animals have a large surface area:volume ratio?
To help them lose more body heat.
Why are some desert animals a sandy colour?
To help them avoid predators or sneak up on prey.
Why do desert animals have a thin layer of body fat?
To help them lose body heat quicker.
How are desert animals adapted to improve their efficiency of water storage? (2)
- They produce small, concentrated amounts of urine.
2. They produce very little sweat.
Why do animals in the arctic have a small surface area:volume ratio?
To reduce heat loss.
How are arctic animals well-insulated? (2)
- A thick layer of insulating blubber.
2. Thick hairy coats and greasy fur.
Why do arctic animals have white fur?
To help them avoid predators or sneak up on prey.
Why do desert plants have a small surface area?
To reduce water loss from their leaves.
What do plants have to help them store more water?
Water storage tissues.
How do desert plants maximise water absorption? (2)
- Shallow, extensive roots to absorb water quickly.
2. Deep roots for access to underground water.
Why to spines and horns deter predators?
They are harmed by them.
Why does poison deter predators?
The predator finds the taste unpleasant.
Why do warning colours deter predators?
They confuse the prey with a poisonous organism.
How can large ears or the position of the ears help prey escape from their predator?
They will detect the predator earlier.
How can long limbs or streamlining help prey escape from their predator?
They can move faster.
What are examples of living factors that cause environmental change? (4)
- Disease.
- Predators.
- Prey/food sources
- Competitors.
What are examples of non-living factors that cause environmental change? (3)
- Temperature.
- Rainfall.
- Air/water pollution.
What do lichen indicate and how?
Air pollution, because they cannot grow in areas of high carbon dioxide concentration.
What do invertebrate animals indicate and how?
Water pollution, because they can’t survive in areas with little oxygen dissolved in the water.
How can population size decrease? (3)
- Pesticides.
- Less food available.
- Disease.
What are the effects of an increase in population size?
More food for predators.
What is used to measure rainfall?
Rain gauges.
What is used to measure water pollution?
Dissolved oxygen metres.
How is the temperature of the sea measured?
Satellites.
How is atmospheric pressure recorded?
Automatic weather stations.
