B2: Genetic factors (that affect development) Flashcards
Define predisposition to diseases?
Inherited genes that determine physical growth, development, health, and appearance.
Define susceptible disease?
An increased likelihood of acquiring a disease because of an individuals genetic make-up.
Define biological factors?
The environment inside a mothers womb can have a dramatic influence on a child’s development. It can affect a child’s long-term development including their attention span and learning disabilities.
What are the 8 predisposition diseases?
- Cystic fibrosis
- Brittle bone disease
- Phenylketonuria (PKU)
- Huntington’s disease
- Klinefelter syndrome
- Down syndrome
- Colour blindness
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy
What are the 3 susceptible diseases?
- Cancer
- Diabetes
- High blood cholesterol
what are the 4 biological factors?
- Foetal alcohol syndrome
- Maternal infections during pregnancy
- Lifestyle/diet during pregnancy
- Congenital defects
Define cystic fibrosis?
Cystic fibrosis causes sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive system.
Define brittle bone disease?
Brittle bone disease causes bones to fracture very easily with no cause or minimal injury.
Define PKU?
PKU causes an amino acid to build up in the body which people with PKU cannot break down. This damages the brain and nervous system.
Define Huntington’s disease?
Huntington’s disease causes the nerve cells in the brain to decay over time.
Define Klinefelter syndrome?
Klinefelter syndrome is where males are born with an extra X chromosome. Appear more feminine.
Define down syndrome?
Down syndrome is where a person is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21.
Define colour blindness?
Colour blindness is the inability to distinguish certain colours or any colour at all.
Define Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a sever form of muscular dystrophy - loss of muscle mass. Predominant in boys.
Define Diabetes?
Diabetes occurs when the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or cant use insulin properly.
Define Cancer?
Cancer is a term for a disease in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues.
Define High blood cholesterol?
High blood cholesterol is where there is too much cholesterol in the blood.
Define foetal alcohol syndrome?
Foetal alcohol syndrome occurs when a baby is exposed to alcohol during pregnancy.
Define Maternal infections during pregnancy?
Examples?
Maternal infections during pregnancy is a disease that affects the mother and can pass to the foetus.
- Rubella
- HIV
- Chickenpox
- Hepatitis
Define Lifestyle during pregnancy?
A healthy diet and lifestyle during pregnancy includes eating a balanced diet, getting enough exercise and avoiding smoking and alcohol.
Define congenital defects?
Examples?
Congenital defects are birth defects.
- Facial abnormality
- Organ defects
- Sensory impairments
- Issues with growth, development and mobility.
