A4: Social development (across the life stages) Flashcards
Define socialisation?
Learning the social norms, values, and behaviour of your culture.
Define primary socialisation?
Define secondary socialisation?
1) Happens first (up to 5yrs)
- How people in the family influence development (parents + other family)
2) Happens as we get older (5+)
- How other people in life influence development/
Infancy - time lines of social development:
1) Birth?
2) 3 months?
3) 6 months?
4) 12 months?
5) 18 months?
6) 2 years?
1) babies start to smile at familiar faces.
2) develop a strong bond with parents. develops separation anxiety.
3) begins to bond with others but still dependant on parents.
4) Plays alone but likes an care giver close by.
5) Often has temper tantrums.
6) Play alongside other children/doesn’t share/enjoys helping/may show concerns for those upset.
Early childhood:
Name the 4 different types of play? (ages too)
- Solo play (0-18 m)
- Parallel play (2-3)
- Associative play (3-4)
- Co-operative play (3-8)
Early childhood:
Describe solo play?
Describe parallel play?
Describe associative play?
Describe co-operative play?
1) infants play indepedently. Allows infants to learn by their own mistakes and increases their self-esteem.
2) Children play alongside others. No interest in others around them.
3) Children play the same game but not together. The children will begin to interact through talking, borrowing and taking turns with toys but each child acts alone.
4) Children develop wider social network + form relationships with others. Become more co-operative in their play.
Adolescence:
What are the positive effects of friendship/peer pressure? (6)
What are the negative effects of peer pressure? (5)
1) - encouraging to study
- encourage to excercise/eat healthy
- avoids loneliness
- provides a sense of belonging
- improve self-worth
- provides a moral code if home lacks it
2) - encourage to try drugs, smoking, drinking, underage sex
- bullying
- encouraging bad eating habits/unhealthy lifestyle
- encouraging to commit crimes
- negative self-esteem
What are the 6 forms of peer pressure?
Explain how peer pressure can be emotionally challenging?
Explain how peer pressure can impact the relationship teenagers have with their parents?
1) - spoken
- unspoken
- direct
- indirect
- negative
- positive
2) - Decrease self-confidence / self-worth
- poor academic performance
- distance from family/friends
- increased stress/anxiety/depression
- sleep issues
3) - relationships are undermined
- conflicts
Describe formal relationships?
Describe informal relationships?
1) promote a positive self-concept which helps for developing intimate relationships (friends/family)
2) develop between people who aren’t related or friends. important for social development (colleagues for example)
Adulthood: Maturity
What are social changes in adulthood? (3)
- forming intimate relationships
- employment/career
- marriage/parenthood
Later adulthood
What are social changes in later adulthood? (1)
- retirement: new hobbies/travel/new friendships
How does the development of independence change throughout the life stages? (examples)
1) infancy (4)
2) peer influence on adolescence (3)
3) starting employment (2)
4) leaving home (3)
5) starting a family (3)
6) middle adulthood (4)
7) later adulthood (2)
1) start school / clubs /activities / feed+dress themselves.
2) question family values / become influenced by peers / question sense of identity.
3) make informed choices about their future career / financial independence.
4) self-reliance / managing chores / managing bills.
5) change working patterns / learn parenting skills / make sacrifices.
6) fewer family responsibilities / pursue hobbies / travel more / care for grandchildren.
7) rely on others for their care - less independent / retirement - more freedom.
