A1: Physical development (across the life stages) Flashcards
Life stages + Ages
1) birth + infancy?
2) early childhood
3) adolescence?
4) early adulthood?
5) middle adulthood?
6) later adulthood?
1) 0-2
2) 3-8
3) 9-18
4) 19-45
5) 46-65
6) 65+
Define Growth?
Define Development?
What are the 3 principles of development?
What are the 3 principles of growth?
1) An increase in a measurable quantity (height/weight)
2) Complex changes in skills + capabilities (intellectual, emotional, social development)
3)
- head to toe
- inside out
- holistically
4)
- sometimes it is gradual and sometimes it is a short burst of lots of changes
- there will be periods of rapid growth
- there is also a variation of growth rates in different parts of the body too.
4 developmental milestones?
Define gross motor skills?
Examples:
1) newborn?
2) 1 month?
3) 3 months?
4) 6 months?
5) 9-10 months?
6) 12-13 months?
7) 18 months?
8) 2 years?
9) 2 1/2 years?
Movements that involve using large muscles in the body.
1) grasp
2) lifting chin
3) lift their head when on front
4) roll over + sit up with support
5) crawl
6) stand alone
7) climbs on furniture
8) throws large ball
9) jump from low step
Define fine motor skills?
Examples:
1) newborn?
2) 1 month?
3) 3 months?
4) 6 months?
5) 9-10 months?
6) 12-13 months?
7) 18 months?
8) 2 years?
9) 2 1/2 years?
Actions which require use of the smaller muscles in the hands, fingers, and toes.
1) holds thumb
2) opens hand
3) grasps rattle
4) moves object + picks up toys
5) hold small objects
6) manipulate + place toys
7) builds tower with blocks
8) draws line + circle
9) uses spoon + fork
Define primary sexual characteristics?
3 examples in males?
3 examples in females?
Primary sexual characteristics, are characteristics that are present from birth, and are changes and developments that occur in the reproductive system.
Males:
1) penis
2) testicles
3) sperm production
Females:
1) vagina
2) uterus
3) clitoris
Define secondary sexual characteristics?
Role of hormones in the development of sexual maturity, in males and females?
3 examples in males?
3 examples in females?
Secondary sexual characteristics are outward characteristics that appear during puberty.
males = testosterone - sperm production
females = oestrogen - egg maturity
males
1) pubic hair
2) deepened voices
3) broadened shoulders
females
1) pubic hair
2) enlarged breasts
3) widened hips
What hormone is produced during pregnancy?
What are oestrogen and progesterone purposes?
What 2 hormones are produced during lactation? what are their purposes?
1) Oestrogen + progesterone
2) Oestrogen = responsible for sickness
Progesterone = maintains pregnancy
3) Prolaction = controls milk production
Oxytocin = controls release of milk through milk ducts.
Define perimenopause?
Define menopause?
Physical + emotional symptoms?
1) The transitional period leading to menopause.
2) The ending of female fertility.
Physical:
- hot flushes
- reduced sex drive
- vaginal dryness
- irregular periods
Emotional:
- Anxiety
- Mood swings
- Low self-esteem
- Problems with concentration
What happens during middle adulthood?
Examples?
Define middle aged spread?
Adults begin to show signs of ageing.
2)
- Greying
- Loss of muscle tone
- Weight gain
Males: hair loss
Females: end of menstruation
3) Weight gain in the middle area (can be due to lack of exercise).
What happens during middle adulthood?
Examples? (4 + men/women specific)
Define middle aged spread?
1) Adults begin to show signs of ageing.
2)
- greying hair
- loss of muscle tone
- change in body shape
- weight gain
Men: hair loss
Women: end of menstruation
3) weight gain in the middle area (due to lack of exercise).
Define life expectancy?
Examples of physical changes that happen and why? (5)
1) Estimate of the number of years on average that a person can expect to live.
2)
- Loss of skin elasticity (lack of collagen)
- Stiffer joints (less lubricated)
- Loss of height (complicated spinal discs)
- Greying hair (loss of pigmentation)
- Loss of strength (loss of muscle mass)
