B16 Flashcards
What is sexual reproduction?
Joining of male and female gametes
What type of cell division is involved in sexual reproduction?
Meiosis
What type of cell division is involved in asexual reproduction?
Mitosis
What is meiosis?
Cell division that produces four daughter cells each with a single set of chromosomes
What are the male and female sex chromosomes in human?
XX FEMALE XY MALE
How can plants produce asexually?
Bulb division or runners
What is the genetic material in cells called?
DNA
What is DNA?
Polymer made of chains of four different nucleotides
What does a nucleotide consist of?
Sugar, phosphate group and one of four different bases (A, G,C,T
What is the structure of DNA?
Two complementary strands of nucleotides forming a double helix
What is a gene?
Small section of DNA that codes for a particular amino acid sequence, to make a specific protein
How many bases code for an amino acid?
Three
Which bases per in a complementary DNA strand
C with G T with A
What is the function of non-coding DNA?
Switch genes on and off to control the expression
What are alleles
Different forms of the same gene
What is a recessive allele?
Allelle that needs to be present twice to be expressed
What is a dominant allele?
Allele that is always expressed, even if only one copy is present
What is a genome?
The entire genetic material of an organism
Define the term homozygous
Two of the same alleles present in an organism
Define the term heterozygous
Two different alleles present in an organism
Where in the cell are proteins made?
On the ribosome
What type of allele causes poly dactyl?
Dominant
What type of allele causes cystic fibrosis?
Recessive
How many chromosomes do normal human body cells have?
23 pairs
