B13 Evolution

Question 1

Variation

Answer 1

• There is always variation in a population due to mutations
• This leads to a range of different phenotype
• The differences may be very slight

Question 2

Competition

Answer 2

Individuals within a population compete for a range of things:
Food
Mates
Shelter
Water

Question 3

Survival of the fittest

Answer 3

Individuals where genes give them the ‘best’ characteristics are more likely to be the best competitors

Question 4

Reproduction

Answer 4

Individuals who reproduce are likely to pass on these specific beneficial genes.

Question 5

what is genetic engineering?

Answer 5

the deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material.

Question 6

what are the key steps in genetic engineering?

Answer 6

The isolation of DNA fragments from a donor organism; (2) The insertion of an isolated donor DNA fragment into a vector genome and (3) The growth of a recombinant vector in an appropriate host. These steps are briefly reviewed and the part∗that they each play in a genetic engineering experiment is discussed.

Question 7

give 3 examples of how animals have been genetically engineered.

Answer 7

• Cows have been made to be meatier.
• Chickens have been made to either produce better eggs or food
• Cows have been made better to make better quality milk

Question 8

give 3 examples of how plants have been genetically engineered/modified.

Answer 8

• Corn have been crossed with jellyfish to glow when there is little water
• Potatoes have been made to produce more starch
• Soybeans have been made to produce less fats