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Year 11 Biology > B11 Hormonal Coordination GREEN > Flashcards

B11 Hormonal Coordination GREEN Flashcards

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1
Q

What are hormones?

What do they target?

A

Chemical messengers sent in the blood.

They effect the target organs and do nothing to the other cells

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2
Q

What is your endocrine system made out of?

A

The pituitary gland

Thyroid

Adrenal gland

The pancreas

Ovaries/testes

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3
Q

What system controlls your hormones?

A

Endocrine system

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4
Q

How long do hormonrs last?

A

Relativly long

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5
Q

What does the pituitary gland do?

A

Produces and secreates many hormones

These hormones may act on other glands and cause them to start producing hormones

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6
Q

What does the thyroid do?

A

Produces thyroxine

This regulates things such as rate of metabolism, heart rate and temperature

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7
Q

What does the adrenal gland do?

A

This produces adrenaline which is used to prepare the fight or flight responses

It increases the amount of oxygen and glucose on cells in the brain and muscle eg it increases heart rate

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8
Q

What does the pancrease do?

A

They produce insilin which is used to regulate blood glucose levels

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9
Q

What do ovaries do?

A

Produce oestrogen which is involved in the menstrual cycle

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10
Q

What do testes do?

A

Produce testosterone which controlls puberty and sperm production

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11
Q

What are the differences between neeves and hormones?

A

Nerves are fast - Hormones are slow

Nerves act for a short time - Hormones act for a long time

Nerves act in a precise area - Hormones act in a more general way

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12
Q

How does your blood glucose level increase?

A

Eating foods containing carbohydrates

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13
Q

How can our body remove glucose from our body?

A

Vigorous phycical exercise (removes a lot)

Metabolism from cells (removes a bit)

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14
Q

What can extra glucose be stored as

A

Glycogen in the liver and muscles

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15
Q

What controlls your blood glucose?

A

The pancrease releases insulin and glucagon. Using negative feedback

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16
Q

What happen when your blood glucose level is too high?

A

Insilin is added

The pancrease secreates insilin.

The insilin acts as a key which allows the glucose to get into the liver and muscle cells

(The insilin also makes the liver turn glucose into glycogen)

The blood glucose level is lowered

17
Q

What happens when your blood glucose level is to low?

A

Glucagon is added

Glucagon is secteates by the liver

The glucagon makes the liver turn the glycogen back into glucose

Glucose is released into the blood stream.

Blood glucose level is increased

18
Q

What is type 1 and type 2 diabeties?

A

Diabeties - a condition that affects your bodys ability to controll it’s blood sugar level

Type 1 - the pancrease produces little or no insilin. This means that the blood glucose level will keep risong and will kill the person if nothing is done

Type 2 - a person is resistant to there own insilin. This causes the blood glucose level to rise to dangerous levels

19
Q

How do you treate type 1 diabeties?

A

Insilin therapy.

The person regualy injects themself with insilin (normally at meal times) to regulate there blood glucose levels. The amount depends on the diet and how active a person is

20
Q

What is a concideration that someone with type 1 amd 2 diabeties?

A

How much food they eat.

Especially food with hich carbohyrdates

Doing regular phycical exercize

21
Q

What may increase the chances of getting type 2 diabeties?

A

Being overweight, obesity

22
Q

How can type 2 diabeties be controlled?

A

Eating a diet of low carbohyrdates

Regular phycical exersice

23
Q

Where are the adrenal glands?

A

Just above the kindey

24
Q

When/how is the adrenal glands told to work?

A

When the brain detect fear or stress it sends nervous impulses to the adrenal gland. This triggers it to start secreating adrenaline

25
Q

What does the adrenaline do?

A

Gets the body ready for fight or flight by increasing the supply of oxygen and glucose in cells in the brain and muscles

Eg it increases heart rate

26
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

When the body senses that something is above or below the normall level. It triggers a response to bring it back to normal

27
Q

What does thyroxine regulate?

A

Metabolism

Protein synthesis

Growth and development

28
Q

Where is the thyroid gland found?

What does it make?

A

The neck

A hormone called thyroxine

29
Q

When/how is the thyroid gland stimulused?

A

In resonce to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) which is released from the pituitary gland

30
Q

What does thydroxide prevent?

What effects does this have?

A

It prevents the pituitary gland from secreatong TSH

This means that once thyroxide is produced the pituitary gland will stop secreating TSH

31
Q

What is TSH?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

32
Q

What is glucose?

A

A type of sugar found in the blood stream

33
Q

What is glycogen

A

What glucose is turned into in the cells

34
Q

What is glucagon?

A

What the pancrease secreates which turned glycogen back into glucose

Year 11 Biology (7 decks)

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