B11 Hormonal Coordination GREEN Flashcards
What are hormones?
What do they target?
Chemical messengers sent in the blood.
They effect the target organs and do nothing to the other cells
What is your endocrine system made out of?
The pituitary gland
Thyroid
Adrenal gland
The pancreas
Ovaries/testes
What system controlls your hormones?
Endocrine system
How long do hormonrs last?
Relativly long
What does the pituitary gland do?
Produces and secreates many hormones
These hormones may act on other glands and cause them to start producing hormones
What does the thyroid do?
Produces thyroxine
This regulates things such as rate of metabolism, heart rate and temperature
What does the adrenal gland do?
This produces adrenaline which is used to prepare the fight or flight responses
It increases the amount of oxygen and glucose on cells in the brain and muscle eg it increases heart rate
What does the pancrease do?
They produce insilin which is used to regulate blood glucose levels
What do ovaries do?
Produce oestrogen which is involved in the menstrual cycle
What do testes do?
Produce testosterone which controlls puberty and sperm production
What are the differences between neeves and hormones?
Nerves are fast - Hormones are slow
Nerves act for a short time - Hormones act for a long time
Nerves act in a precise area - Hormones act in a more general way
How does your blood glucose level increase?
Eating foods containing carbohydrates
How can our body remove glucose from our body?
Vigorous phycical exercise (removes a lot)
Metabolism from cells (removes a bit)
What can extra glucose be stored as
Glycogen in the liver and muscles
What controlls your blood glucose?
The pancrease releases insulin and glucagon. Using negative feedback
What happen when your blood glucose level is too high?
Insilin is added
The pancrease secreates insilin.
The insilin acts as a key which allows the glucose to get into the liver and muscle cells
(The insilin also makes the liver turn glucose into glycogen)
The blood glucose level is lowered
What happens when your blood glucose level is to low?
Glucagon is added
Glucagon is secteates by the liver
The glucagon makes the liver turn the glycogen back into glucose
Glucose is released into the blood stream.
Blood glucose level is increased
What is type 1 and type 2 diabeties?
Diabeties - a condition that affects your bodys ability to controll it’s blood sugar level
Type 1 - the pancrease produces little or no insilin. This means that the blood glucose level will keep risong and will kill the person if nothing is done
Type 2 - a person is resistant to there own insilin. This causes the blood glucose level to rise to dangerous levels
How do you treate type 1 diabeties?
Insilin therapy.
The person regualy injects themself with insilin (normally at meal times) to regulate there blood glucose levels. The amount depends on the diet and how active a person is
What is a concideration that someone with type 1 amd 2 diabeties?
How much food they eat.
Especially food with hich carbohyrdates
Doing regular phycical exercize
What may increase the chances of getting type 2 diabeties?
Being overweight, obesity
How can type 2 diabeties be controlled?
Eating a diet of low carbohyrdates
Regular phycical exersice
Where are the adrenal glands?
Just above the kindey
When/how is the adrenal glands told to work?
When the brain detect fear or stress it sends nervous impulses to the adrenal gland. This triggers it to start secreating adrenaline
What does the adrenaline do?
Gets the body ready for fight or flight by increasing the supply of oxygen and glucose in cells in the brain and muscles
Eg it increases heart rate
What is negative feedback?
When the body senses that something is above or below the normall level. It triggers a response to bring it back to normal
What does thyroxine regulate?
Metabolism
Protein synthesis
Growth and development
Where is the thyroid gland found?
What does it make?
The neck
A hormone called thyroxine
When/how is the thyroid gland stimulused?
In resonce to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) which is released from the pituitary gland
What does thydroxide prevent?
What effects does this have?
It prevents the pituitary gland from secreatong TSH
This means that once thyroxide is produced the pituitary gland will stop secreating TSH
What is TSH?
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
What is glucose?
A type of sugar found in the blood stream
What is glycogen
What glucose is turned into in the cells
What is glucagon?
What the pancrease secreates which turned glycogen back into glucose
