B1-9 Special Help Flashcards
How has a sperm cell adapted?
Energy, Swimming, Enzymes
It has a streamlined head and a long tail to help with swimming
Lots of mitrocondria for resperiation - to give it energy to swim
Top of the head has a digestive enzyme to break down the outer layers of the egg
How has the nerve cell adapted?
Energy, messages, dentrites
Long Axon - enabling messages to be sent long distances
Lots of dendrites - extentions from the body of the cell - these branches mean that the nerve cell can work with other nerve cells
The nerve endings have lots of mitrocondria to create energy to create special trasnmitter chemicals called neurotransmitters to allow energy to be passed through cells
How has the muscle cell adapted?
Energy, contraction, storage
Special protiens slide over each other which causes the muscle to contract
Lots of mitrocondria for respiration
They can store lot of Glycogen that can be used in respiration
How has root hair cells addapted?
Energy, Osmosis, Large Vacule
It has hairs which give it a large surface area so more osmosis can happen
It has a large vacuole which speeds up osmosis
Has mitrocondria to provide energy for active transport
How has a xylem cell addapted?
They are hollow (more space for water) and join end to end to form a continues tube for water and mineral ions to to through
It is re-enforced with lignin to give it a shape and to withstand the pressure of the water
How has the pholem cell addapted?
The cell wall forms sieve plates when they break down. This helps move the sugar
They have few organells somthere is more space for sugars and so they can more faster
They have companion cells which contain mitrocondria to provide energy
What will happen to an animal cell in a more dilute solution?
What is it called?
Expand
Lysis
What will happen to a plant cell in a more dilute solution?
What is it called?
Expand
The cell is now turgid
What will happen to a plant cell in a more concentrated solution?
What is it called?
Losse water
Plasmolysis
What will happen to an animal cell in a more concentrated solution?
What is it called?
Losse water
Crenation
What is the chemical test for starch?
You add iodine (red) solution
You wait
If the substance turns blue/black then statch is present
What is the chemical test for sugar?
You add Benedicts (blue) solution
You heat gently for 10 mins
Of it turns orange then Sugar is present
What is the chemical test for Protein?
You add biuret (blue) solition
You wait
It it turns violet then protein is present
What is the chemical test for fats?
You put the substance in a test tube
Tou pore ethenal down the side of the test tube
It white precipitation is created then Lipids are present
Where can Plant stem cells be found?
In the meristems and in the root and shoot tips
