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Year 11 Biology > B11 Fertility And Hormones GREEN > Flashcards

B11 Fertility And Hormones GREEN Flashcards

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1
Q

What does testosterone (in men) and oestrogen (in women) do?

A

Testosterone

Makes you grow facial hair, stimulates sperm production, starts puberty

OESTROGEN

starts development of breasts, is involved in the menstrual cycle

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2
Q

What are the 4 stages of the menstruation cycle?

A

Stage 1 - Day 1 the lining of the uterus breaks down (about 4 days)

Stage 2 - the uterus lining builds up again (about day 4-16) so that it is ready to recieve a fertilised egg

Stage 3 - an egg is developed and released from the overies. This is called ovulation (about day 14)

Stage 4 - the wall is maintained for about 14 days (untill about day 28). If there has been no fertilised egg then the uterus lining breaks down as blood out of the vagina.

Then the prosses starts again.

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3
Q

What are the hormones that controll the menstrucual cycle

A

FSH

Oestrogen

LH

Progesterone

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4
Q

What does FSH do?

Where is it produced?

A

The pituitary gland

It causes an egg to mature in one of the overies

It stimulates the ovaries to start producing oestrogen.

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5
Q

What does oestrogen do

Where is it made?

A

Produced in the ovaries

Causes the lining of the uterus to grow

Stimulates the production of LH and stops the production of FSH

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6
Q

What does LH do?

Where is it made?

A

It is made in the pituitary gland

It stimulates the release of an egg (ovulation around day 14 of the menstrual cycle)

It inhibits the production of oestrogen and starts the production of progesterone

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7
Q

What does progesterone do?

Where is it made?

A

It is produced in the overies

It maintains the lining around the uterus during the second half of the menstrual cycle. When the progestorone levels fall then the lining breaks down as blood

It inhibits the production of LH

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8
Q

Why does Oestrogen prevent ovulation?

A

It inhibits the production of FSH so no egg can mature

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9
Q

Why does progesterone reduce fertility?

A

It stimulates the production of thick mucus which the sperm finds hard to swim through

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10
Q

What are the types of comtreception?

A

Hormonal controll

Barrier methods

Steralisation

Natual methods (NFP)

Abstinence

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11
Q

What is the pill?

Not the morning after pill

A

An oral contreceptive pill containing oestrogen and progesterone.

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12
Q

What are the benifits and negatives of the comnined oral contreceptive pill?

A

Over 99% effective
Easy to use

Can cause side effects like headaches and nausea and is doesn’t protect against STI
May forget to take it

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13
Q

What is the progesterone only pill?

A

Same as the combined oral contreceptive pill but with a few less side effects with the same effectivness

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14
Q

What is the contreceptive patch?

A

Contains oestrogen and progesterone (about 5x5cm). The hormones are disolved into the skin

Each patch lasts about 1 week

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15
Q

What is the contreceptive implant?

A

It is inserted under the skin of the arm. It produced progrsterone which stops ovalation and increases thickness of the mucus in the uterus

It can last for about 3 years

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16
Q

What is the contreceptive injection?

How long does this last?

A

You are injected with progesterone which inhits ovalation and increases mucus thickness in the uterus

This lasts about 2-3 months

17
Q

What is an IntraUterine Device (IUD)?

A

A T shaped device that is placed in the uterus to kill the sperm and prevent implantation of a fertilised egg in the uterus lining

There are 2 types (plastic) that releases progesterone and (copper) which prevent the sperm surviving in the uterus

18
Q

What do barrier methods do?

A

Stop the sperm from getting to the egg

19
Q

What is a condom?

What about for females?

A

Worn over the penis during sex. This stops the sperm entering the vagina.

There are also female condoms that are worn in the vagina

20
Q

What are the advantages of condoms?

A

Very effective

Prptects against STI’s

21
Q

What is a diaphragm?

A

A shallow plastic cup that fits over the cervix.

This has to be used with spermicide to to disable or kill the sperm

22
Q

What is spermicide?

A

Can be used alone but commenly used with other methods

It disables or kills sperm

It isn’t very effective on it’s own. Only about 70-80%

23
Q

What is sterilisation?

A

It involved cutting or tying the fallopian tubes in a female or the sperm duct in males

This is a PERMANENT method

24
Q

What natual methods can a couple use?

What are the disadvantages?

A

NFP Natual Family Planning. When a couple have sex on days when they are most unlikely to get a pregnancy (by keeping track of the period)

Its not very efective?

25
Q

What is abstinece?

A

When a couple don’t have sex

26
Q

What may a women be given to help with fertility?

A

LH and FSH to stimulate ovulation

27
Q

What are the advantages of injecting a women with LH and FSH?

A

Infertile women can get pregnant

28
Q

What are the disadvantages of injecting a women with LH and FSH?

A

It doesn’t always work

It is expensive

To many eggs could be stimulated leading to multiple unwanted pregnancys

29
Q

What is IVF?

A

In Vitro Fertilisation

Involves collectong eggs from a womens ovaries and fertilising them in a lab using the males sperm. It may involve Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) when sperm is injected directly into the egg

The embryos then grow in a lab incubulator

Once they are bog enuff 1 or 2 are transpfered into a womens uterus to improve the chance of pregancy

30
Q

What are the advantages of IVF?

A

It can help an infertile couple have a babby

You can screen a babby for genetic diseases

People can choose when to have a babby

Familys can limit the size of there family

31
Q

What are the disadvantages of IVF?

A

Multiple births can happen at the same time

It can be stressfull and upsetting if it fails becasue the sucess rate is so low

It can be phycicaly painfull for the women

It is quite unethical

Could lead to (build a babby) where special genetic traits of selected by the parents

32
Q

Explain FOLP

A

FSH
Oestrogen
LH
Proestregon

Each one stimulates the nexts and stops the one before it

33
Q

Who long does it take to for an egg to be released?

What is this called

A

About 28 days

This is called ovulation

Year 11 Biology (7 decks)

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