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AQA Biology GCSE > B1 - Cell Structure & Transport ✅ > Flashcards

B1 - Cell Structure & Transport ✅ Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a cell?

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A

The basic unit of all forms of life

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2
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell?

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A

A cell with its genetic material enclosed in a nucleus

E.g. Plant and animal cells

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3
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell?

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A

A cell that does not have a nucleus to enclose its genetic material

E.g. A bacterial cell

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4
Q

What is a cell membrane?

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A

The border of all types of cell

Other: Controls the movement of substances into and out of a cell

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5
Q

What is a sub-cellular structure?

What is an organelle? 🤔

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A

A part of a cell

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6
Q

What is a nucleus?

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A

The enclosure for genetic material found in plant and animal cells

Other: Controls the activities of a cell

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7
Q

What is cytoplasm?

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A

A jelly-like substance where a cell’s chemical reactions take place

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8
Q

What are mitochondria?

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A

Sub-cellular structures in cells where aerobic respiration occurs

Other: The powerhouse of a cell

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9
Q

What is a ribosome?

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A

A sub-cellular structure in a cell where proteins are synthesised [or made]

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10
Q

What is a chloroplast?

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A

A sub-cellular structure responsible for carrying out photosynthesis

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11
Q

What is a permanent vacuole?

What is a vacuole? 🤔

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A

A sub-cellular structure in a cell that is filled with sap

Other: A store of nutrients for a cell

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12
Q

What is a cell wall?

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A
  • A sub-cellular structure that is never found in an animal cell
  • Made of cellulose
  • Found on the outside of the cell membrane

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13
Q

What is DNA?

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A

The molecule that holds genetic information in a cell

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14
Q

What shape is DNA in eukaryotic cells?

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A

A linear strand

Other: A double helix structure

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15
Q

What shape is DNA in prokaryotic cells?

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A

A loop

Other: The shape of a plasmid

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16
Q

What is a plasmid?

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A

A small loop of extra DNA only found in prokaryotic cells

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17
Q

Define multicellular.

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A

An organism that is made up of lots of cells

E.g. Animals and plants

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18
Q

What is a specialised cell?

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A

Cells that have a particular function

E.g. Sperm cells or nerve cells

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19
Q

Define tissue.

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A

A group of cells with similar structures and functions

Other: A group of specialised cells

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20
Q

What is an organ?

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A

A group of tissues working together to perform a specific function

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21
Q

What is an organ system?

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A

A group of organs working together to perform a specific function

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22
Q

What is an organism?

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A

A group of organs working together to contribue to survival

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23
Q

What is a light microscope?

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A

A tool that can identify, observe, and magnify objects by transmitting light through a string of lenses

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24
Q

What is magnification?

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A

The measure of how much a microscope can enlarge the object you are viewing through it

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25
Q

What is resolution?

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A

The measure of the level of detail you can observe with a microscope

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26
Q

What is an electron microscope?

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A

A type of microscope with a higher magnification and resolution than a light microscope

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27
Q

What is the equation for magnification?

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A

Magnification = Size of Image/Size of Real Object

Other: Magnification = Image Size/Actual Size

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28
Q

What is diffusion?

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A

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration

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29
Q

Does diffusion require energy?

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A

No

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30
Q

What is a concentration gradient?

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A

The difference in concentration of a substance between two places

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31
Q

What is surface area to volume ratio?

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A

The surface area divided by the volume of an organism, organ, or cell

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32
Q

What is a diffusion pathway?

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A

The distance over which a substance must diffuse

E.g. A thin wall or membrane

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33
Q

What is osmosis?

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A

The diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution, across a partially permeable membrane

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34
Q

What is active transport?

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A

The movement of substances against the concentration gradient - from lower to higher concentration

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35
Q

Does active transport require energy?

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A

Yes

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36
Q

Where does the process of active transport gain energy from?

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A

Respiration

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37
Q

What is the small intestine?

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A

An organ in the digestive system where products of digestion are absorbed into the bloodstream

Other: Absorbs nutrients, salts, and water into the bloodstream

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38
Q

What are the lungs?

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A

The organs in mammals where gas exhange takes place

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39
Q

What are gills?

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A

The organs in fish where gas exhange occurs

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40
Q

What are leaves [in terms of respiration]?

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A

The plant organs responsible for gas exchange in a plant

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41
Q

What is ventilation?

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A

The technical term for breathing in and out

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42
Q

Through what process are cells specialised?

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A

Cell differentiation

Other: Differentiation

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43
Q

What is the use of a microscope called?

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A

Microscopy

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44
Q

What is the rate of diffusion affected by?

Hint: There are three factors

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A
  • The steepness of the concentration gradient
  • The temperature (a higher temperature increases the rate of diffusion as particles have more kinetic energy)
  • The surface area of the membrane (a larger surface area of cell membrane increases the rate of diffusion into and out of a cell)

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45
Q

To be effective at exchanging substances, an exchange surface must have…

Hint: An exchange surface must have two such features

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A
  • Large surface area
  • Short diffusion pathway

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AQA Biology GCSE (18 decks)

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