B. 6- indirect sympathomimetics Flashcards
classify the indirect-acting sympathomimetics
- release inducing agents
- reuptake inhibitors
- MAO inhibitors
function of the release inducing agents
displace stored catecholamines from nerve endings (monoamines releasers)
examples of release inducing agents
amphetamine
methylphenidate
tyramine
Ephedrine
examples of reuptake inhibitors
cocaine
TCA- tricyclic antidepressants
atomoxetine
modafinil
examples of MAO inhibitors
moclobemide
selegiline
tranylcypromine
function of reuptake inhibitors (Modafinil)
increase the activity of neurotransmitters in the synapse by inhibiting their reuptake into the presynaptic nerve terminal
function of MAO inhibitors (Selegiline)
inhibit the metabolism of catecholamines by MAO
what is the “cheese effect”?
acute attack of hypertension caused by the interaction of MAO inhibitors and eating cheese which contains tyramine.
*the MAO Inhibitor results in ↑ bioavailability of tyramine, usually limited by rapid metabolism by MAO-A in the gut and liver
which drug has both direct and indirect sympathomimetic effects?
ephedrine
indications for amphetamine (5)
ADHD
Central nervous system disorders (narcolepsy)
Psychostimulant (due to release of DA, NE, 5-HT)
Appetite suppression
drug of abuse (high addiction liability)
SE of amphetamine
seizures
aggression
insomnia
hypertension
indications for methylphenidate
ADHD
narcolepsy
where is tyramine found?
in fermented foods (red wine, cheese)
when will we give tyramine?
there is no clinical use
indications of Ephedrine
appetite suppressant
decongestant (nose drops)
hypotension associated with anesthesia
which indirect-acting sympathomimetics inhibit both NET and DAT?
cocaine and Modafinil
what is cocaine used for?
it's a drug of abuse local anesthetic +vasoconstrictor phentolamine antidote (?)
`what is Atomoxetine used for ?
ADHD
What is modafinil used for ?
improve wakefulness in narcolepsy
which MAO inhibitor is irreversible?
Tranylcypromine
which MAO inhibitor is used for Parkinson’s disease?
selegiline
which MAO inhibitors are used as antidepressants?
moclobemide
Tranylcypromine
please list the 𝝰 agonists (non-catecholamines)
Phenylephrine oxymetazoline clonidine Rilmenidine methyldopa Brimonidine Tizanidine
which drugs are imidazole derivatives (agonists for both I₂ and 𝝰₂ receptors)
clonidine
Rilmenidine
moxonidine
oxymetazoline (is a local 𝝰₁-agonist and systemic 𝝰₂-agonist)
