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Pharma 1st semester > B. 11+12 asthma, COPD, expectorants > Flashcards

B. 11+12 asthma, COPD, expectorants Flashcards

1
Q

B2 receptor agonist mechanism for bronchodilation

A

Gs–> Increase cAMP –> SM relaxation

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2
Q

what are Albuterol, terbutaline and metaproterenol?

A

SABA- short acting B2 agonists

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3
Q

major difference between SABA and LABA

A

SABA in acute asthma attack, LABA prophylaxis

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4
Q

side effects of SABA & LABA

A

tremor, arrhythmia, tachycardia

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5
Q

what are Salmetarol and formoterol?

A

LABA- long acting B2 agonists

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6
Q

what group do these belong to: ipratropium, tiotropium and aclidinium ?

A

muscarinic antagonists

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7
Q

mechanism of muscarinic antagonists in asthma and COPD

A

competitive inhibitor of M3 R (Gq)–> prevent bronchoconstriction

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8
Q

side effects of muscarinic antagnosits- M3

A

dry mouth, cough

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9
Q

what group do these belong to: theophylline, aminophylline, roflumilast ?

A

methylxanthines

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10
Q

what do methylxanthines do? (theophylline)

A
  1. Phosphodiesterase inhibition–> increase cAMP–> bronchodilation
  2. adenosine receptor antagonist –> CNS effects
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11
Q

how is theophylline given?

A

oral

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12
Q

how is aminophylline given ?

A

IV

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13
Q

side effects if theophylline

A

GI distress, insomnia, tremor, anorexia, seizures, arrhythmias, CNS effects

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14
Q

what is the most effective anti-inflammatory agent used in asthma therapy?

A

corticosteroids

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15
Q

effects of corticosteroids

A
  1. inhibit Pospholipase A2–>↓ COX activity ↓ inflammatory mediators
  2. number of inflammatory cells ↓ eosinophils in the airway and sputum ↓
  3. number of activated T lymphocytes and mast cells in the airway mucosa ↓
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16
Q

what type are- beclomethasone, budesonide, dexamethasone

A

inhaled glucocorticoids

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17
Q

what type is prednisone

A

systemic glucocorticoid

18
Q

what type are- prednisolone, hydrocortisone

A

IV Glucocorticoids

19
Q

side effect of budesonide

A

oropharyngeal candidiasis

20
Q

IV glucocorticoids are used for..

A

Status asthmaticus

21
Q

what is Montelukast?

A

LTD4 receptor antagonist

22
Q

what are leukotrienes antagonists ?

A

interfere with the synthesis of leukotrienes –> reduce inflammation+ decrease bronchoconstriction
(e.g- montelukast)

23
Q

what is Zileuton?

A

selective inhibitor of LOX (lipoxygenase enzyme)

24
Q

when do you give leukotrienes antagonists?

A

asthma prophylaxis

25
Q

side effect of zileuton

A

elevated liver enzymes

26
Q

mast cell stabillizer?

A

Cromolyn sodium ( Na- chromoglycate)

27
Q

how is Cromolyn sodium given ?

A

Aerosol

28
Q

what is Omalizumab ?

A

Anti IgE antibody, attches to antibodies on mast cells preventing inflammatory response

29
Q

when will Omalizumab given?

A

when asthma is unresponsive to other drugs

30
Q

prenoxidazine

A

peripheral acting antitussive agent

31
Q

codeine

A

centrally acting antitussive agent

opioid derivative

32
Q

side effects of codeine, dihydrocodeine

A

morphine effects- respiratory depression, constipation, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting

33
Q

centrally acting, non-opioid antitussive agents

A
  1. dextromethorphan
  2. butamirate
  3. pentoxyverine
34
Q

what are antitussive?

A

cough suppressing agents, supress cough reflex

35
Q

what are muco-active drugs?

A

mucoactive= expectorants–> promote sputum excretion

36
Q

name the types of expectorants

A
  1. secretolytics
  2. mucolytics
  3. secretomotorics
37
Q

what do secretolytics do?

A

increase secretion of mucus, make it less viscous so no irritation of sensory receptors

38
Q

indication for secretolytics ( ipecacuanha, guaifenesine, ottars)

A

respiratory disease with increased mucos secretion

39
Q

what are mucolytics?

A

agents the liquefy and loosen mucos secretion

40
Q

name 2 mucolytics

A

acetylcysteine (ACC)
bromhexine
carbocystein
dornase alpha

41
Q

what does acetylcysteine do?

A

reduce disulfide bonds in the mucus matrix–> decrease mucos viscosity

42
Q

what does bromhexine do?

A

its an active metabolite, cleaves the mucopolysaccarides of the mucos and makes it more liquid and easy to come out 🤧 (more serous)

Pharma 1st semester (19 decks)

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