A.11-Contraceptives

Question 1

list the types of hormonal contraceptives

Answer 1

1. oral pills
2. long acting ‘depot injections’
3. subcutaneous implants
4. transdermal patch
5. vaginal ring
6. intrauterine device-IUD

Question 2

for how long is the ‘depot’ injections effective?

Answer 2

8-13 weeks

Question 3

for how long in the subcutaneous implants effective?

Answer 3

3-6 years

Question 4

effectiveness of transdermal patch

Answer 4

1 week

Question 5

vaginal ring is used for

Answer 5

3 weeks, 1 week break

Question 6

IUD is effective for

Answer 6

5 years

Question 7

types of preparations used for oral contraception

Answer 7

1. combination of estrogen+progesteron

2. progestin only “mini pill”

Question 8

with the pill, what does biphasic form of dosage mean?

Answer 8

dosage of components (estrogen+progesteron combination) is changed once during the cycle

Question 9

what is the estrogen component in combination pill?

Answer 9

ethinyl-estrdiol

Question 10

what is the progestin component in combination pill?

Answer 10

levonorgestrel
desogestrel
drospirenone
norethisterone
cyproterone acetate

Question 11

mechanism of action of combination pill

Answer 11

1. selective inhibition of pituitary function (LH and FSH ↓) –> inhibition of ovulation
2. produce changes in cervical mucosa, ↓ likelihood of conception

Question 12

clinical uses of contraceptives

Answer 12

prevent estrogen deficiency in primary hypogonadism
treat acne, hirsutism, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis
reduce risk of ovarian cysts
lower incidence of ectopic pregnancies

Question 13

SE of contraceptives

Answer 13

mild-nausea, edema, headache
moderate- breakthrough bleeding, weight gain, skin pigmentation, vaginal infections
severe- thromboembolism, depression, GI disturbances

Question 14

contraindication of contraceptives

Answer 14

thromboembolic/ cardiovascular event
vaginal bleeding of unknown origin
smoking?
estrogen-dependent neoplasm

Question 15

examples for postcoital contraceptive “morning-after pill”

Answer 15

levonorgestrel 
Ulipristal acetate (SPRM)

Question 16

what are postcoital contraceptive “morning-after pill”?

Answer 16

prevent pregnancy within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse

Question 17

SE of postcoital contraceptive

Answer 17

nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, breast tenderness