Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharma 1st semester > A.12- thyroid. pituitary hormones > Flashcards

A.12- thyroid. pituitary hormones Flashcards

1
Q

what is somatotropin?

A

recombinant form of human GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how are somatotropin and mecasermin given?

A

sabcutaneous injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

list the SE of somatotropin

A

pseudotumor cerebri, edema, hyperglycemia, scoliosis, slipped capital femoral epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is mecasermin?

A

recombinant form of human IGF-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Indications for somatotropin

A

GH deficiency (dwarfism), increased height in Turner and Prader willi syndrome, malabsorption syndromes, AIDS- associated wasting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

SE of mecasermin

A

hyperglycemia, intracranial hypertension, ↑ liver enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

indication of mecasermin

A

IGF-1 deficiency, Laron dwarfisim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

list GH antagonists

A

somatostatin analogues (e.g octreotide, lantreotide), pegvisomant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how is octreotide given?

A

parenteral
(regular : inject 2-4 daily)
(slow release formulation: inject every 4 week)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

octreotide indications

A

acromegaly, endocrine tumors, control of bleeding from esophageal varices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

octreotide SE

A

GI disturbances, steatorrhea, gallstones, cardiac conduction abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how is pegvisomant given?

A

SC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

indication of pegvisomant

A

acromegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

SE of pegvisomant

A

↑ liver enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is follitropin- alpha

A

a recombinant form of human FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how are FSH and LH hormones given?

A

parenteral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

indication for FSH and LH

A

male infertility! controlled ovarian stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which hormone has both FSH and LH activity?

A

menotropin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

SE of follitropin-alpha and lutropin

A

ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, gynecomastia (men) multiple pregnancies, headache, depression, edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a synthetic peptide with GnRH agonist activity

A

leuprolide (=leuprorelin), Buserelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is important in the administration of leuprolide?

A

give by intermittent administration–> ↑ FSH and LH (GnRH is a Pulsatating hormone)
continuous administration will ↓ FSH and LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

indications for leuprolide

A 
ovarian suppression (endometriosis, leiomyoma, controlled ovulation induction) , central precocious puberty, prostate cancer, diagnostics, hypothalamic hypogonadism (Kallman syndrome) 
"leu is proud of his prostate"
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

GnRH antagonists

A

Ganirelix, Degarelix

“Please relax! you are not ovulating..”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how are GnRH’s given?

A

SC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

SE of GnRH’s

A

think hormonal symptoms “menopause” : nausea, headach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is Degarelix used for?

A

prostate cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

prolactin drugs

A

bromocriptine, cabergoline, quinagolide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the function of bromocriptine

A

it is a Dopamine (D₂) receptor agonist

suppresses the pituitary secretion of prolactin and GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

how is bromocriptine given?

A

oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

when to you give bromocriptine or cabergoline ?

A

prolactin secreting adenoma, acromegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

SE of bromocriptine

A

GI , orthostatic and psychiatric disturbances

32
Q

oxytocin receptor agonist

A

oxytocin

33
Q

mechanism of oxytocin

A

Gq mechanism–> activation of oxytocin receptors (OXTR)–> unterine contraction

34
Q

how is atosiban and oxytocin given?

A

IV

35
Q

oxytocin receptor antagonist

A

atosiban

36
Q

indication for Oxytocin

A

induce labor, control uterine hemorrhage after delivery

37
Q

SE of oxytocin

A

placental abruption, uterine rupture, hypotension, fetal distress

38
Q

why do we use atosiban?

A

tocolytic agent- supress preterm labor

39
Q

SE of atosiban

A

infant death

40
Q

list ADH (Vasopressin) drugs

A

desmopressin, vasopressin, conivaptan

41
Q

what is desmopressin?

A

selective V₂ agonist. a synthetic analog of ADH

42
Q

how is desmopressin given?

A

IV, intransal (1-3% BA), oral (0.3% BA), SC

43
Q

which drug has a prolonged half-life comparing to endogenous ADH

A

desmopressin

44
Q

indications of desmopressin

A

Central diabetic insipidus (no ADH), Hemophilia A, von Willebrand disease

45
Q

SE of desmopressin

A

“water poisoning”, hyponatremia, headache

46
Q

what is vasopressin?

A

V1, V2 agonist

47
Q

indication of vasopressin

A

control bleeding in esophageal varices or colon diverticula (v1–> vasoconstriction)
Central diabetic insipidus (V2)

48
Q

what is conivaptan and how is it given?

A

V1, V2 antagonist, IV administration

49
Q

indications of conivaptan

A

SIADH (too much ADH–> water retention–>hyponatremia)
fluid retention (HF)
“Coni likes to evaporate water”

50
Q

important SE of conivaptan

A

osmotic demyelination syndrome due to rapid Na correction

51
Q

what are synthetic thyroid hormones used for?

A

hypothyroidism

52
Q

name thyroid drugs

A

levothyroxine (T4), liothyronine (T3), iodine

53
Q

how is levothyroxine given?

A

oral, IV

54
Q

SE of levothyroxine and liothyronine

A

hyperthyroidism symptoms

55
Q

how is liothyronine given?

A

oral, IV (10X more potent than T4)

56
Q

when is liothyronine preferred on levothyroxine?

A

deiodinase enzyme deficiency (T4 cannot convert to T3)

57
Q

when is iodine given?

A

dietary iodine deficiency (endemic goiter), thyrotoxicosis crisis

58
Q

SE of iodine

A

cutaneous irritation, allergic reaction, thyroiditis

59
Q

what are antithyroid drugs? list classification

A

used in hyperthyroidism.

thioamides, iodide salts, radioactive iodine, anion inhibitors, B- blockers, corticosteroids

60
Q

what do thioamides do? (e.g- propylthiouracil)

A
  1. inhibit thyroid peroxidase activity

2. inhibit peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 (methimazole no effect on this)

61
Q

give 2 thioamides

A

propylthiouracil (PTU), methimazole

62
Q

how are PTU and methimazole given?

A

oral

63
Q

propylthiouracil and methimazole SE

A

skin rash, nausea, vasculitis, agranulocytosis, liver dysfunction, hypothyroidism, drug-induced lupus
methimazole is teratogenic

64
Q

what do iodide salts do?

A
  1. inhibit tyrosine iodination
  2. inhibit thyroid hormone release
  3. reduce the size of a hyperplastic thyroid gland
65
Q

what are Lugol’s solution and Potassium iodide?

A

iodide salts

66
Q

how are iodide salts given?

A

oral

67
Q

when is iodide salts given?

A

thyroid storm, preparation for thyroidectomy

68
Q

what is iodine radioisotope for (I¹³¹) ?

A

radiation-induced destruction of thyroid parenchyma

69
Q

SE of radioactive iodine therapy?

A

pharyngitis, hypothyrodism

70
Q

b blockers in thyroid storm

A

propranolol

71
Q

what is the effect of propranolol in thyroid storm?

A

inhibit the conversion of T4 to T3

Control the tachycardia caused by thyrotoxicosis

72
Q

corticosteroids used for thyroid storm and thyroid ophthalmopathy

A

hydrocortisone, methyl-prednisolone

73
Q

what effects do corticosteroids have on the thyroid

A
  1. inhibit the conversion of T4 to T3

2. Control thyroid ophthalmopathy (seen in Graves disease). give IV

74
Q

Anion inhibitors

A

thiocyanate, perchlorate

75
Q

the function of anion inhibitors

A

reduce the uptake of iodide by the thyroid gland (rarely used clinically)

76
Q

SE of anion inhibitors

A

aplastic anemia

77
Q

management of thyrotoxic storm

A
  1. PTU or methimazole (IV bolus)
  2. potassium-iodide solution (IV)
  3. b blockers (IV)
  4. glucocorticoids (IV)

Pharma 1st semester (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions