Axial Skeleton vertebral column and thoracic cage Flashcards
How many individual vertebrae are there and how many moveable parts are there
33 individual
26 moveable
Functions of the vertebral column
supports the head
vertical support
weight transfer
protects delicate spinal cord
vertebrae with a lordosis curvature (anterior convex)
cervical
Lumbar
vertebrae with a kyphosis curvature (posterior convex)
thoracic
sacral
Hyperlordosis
common in pregnant women and people with a big gut.
too much curvature in the lumbar vertebrae
Hyperkyphosis
common in postmenopausal women and the elderly
too much curvature in the thoracic vertebrae
What travels through the vertebral foramen
spinal cord
what travels laterally through intervertebral foramen
spinal nerves branch
How many of these are located on each vertebrae?
Spinous process
transverse process
superior articular process
inferior articular process
Spinous process-1
transverse process-2
superior articular process-2
inferior articular process-2
what is the purpose of the interlocking superior and inferior articular processes
limits the twisting of the vertebral column
what are the intervertebral disks made of
fibrocartilage
(helps absorb shock)
2 components of the intervertebral disks
anulus fibrosus (surrounds nucleus pulposus, made of fibrous material)
nucleus pulposus (inside area, made up of gelatnis material)
Herniated disk
bulging in a disk
pain can show up in leg when herniated disk is in lumbar spine
how many cervical vertebrae are there and what makes them unique
7
only vertebrae that contain transverse foramen and contain a split spinous process
cervical vertebrae allow for the most ______ and the least _______
flexibility
stability
this articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull on the inferior surface of the occipital bone
Also contains no vertebral body or spinous process
C1 (atlas)
what is the name of the joint what allows for the yes motion
atlantooccipital joint located in C1
c2
axis
allows for articulation on atlas
ondontoid process or dens
this joint allows for the no motion
atlantoaxial joint
blow to back of head from falling against a wall or hard surface can break what?
dens or ondontoid process
easily palpable prominence felt at the base of the neck
spinous process of C7 or vertebra prominens
hangmans fracture
cervical vertebrae severs the spinal cord. have to position the not behind the left ear
serve as attachments for ribs
thoracic vertebrae (costal facets)
3 areas that a rib attaches to a thoracic vertebrae
costal facet
costal demifacet
transverse process
How to identify a lumbar vertebrae
large bodies
thick spinous process
largest vertebrae
What is a spinal tap and where is it usually done
cerebrospinal fluid drawn from between two vertebrae, usually between L3 and L4
Used to check for bacterial infection
Clear spinal fluid =
Cloudy spinal fouid=
Good
Bad (infection)
5 fused vertebrae that articulate with ilia of the pelvis to form sacroiliac joint
sacrum
how to locate L3 and L4 for a spinal tap
they are level with the iliac crests of the pelvis
tail bone
consists of four fused vertebrae
Coccyx
How to detect a fractured coccyx
inserting index finger in the rectum and applying pressure
Ways to break your coccyx
can be caused by trauma by a fall and sometimes child birth
formed by thoracic vertebrae, ribs, costal cartilages and sternum
thoracic cage
Suprasternal fossa
just superiror to jugular notch (top of sternum)
Sternal angle
where manubrium and gladiolus fuse together
sternal foramen
whole in body of sternum that only some people have. Be careful if you are doing acupuncture
xiphoid process
inferior part of sternum (master long hits this to kill people a blow can move xiphoid process into the heart)
ribs 1-7
true ribs (directly attached to sternum by costal cartilage)
ribs 8-10
false ribs (share costal cartilage attachments of rib 7)
ribs 11-12
false/floating ribs (they float and do not attach to sternum)
what type of cartilage is the costal cartilage
hyaline cartilage
Flail chest
when several adjacent ribs are fractured in tow or more places
Paradoxical motion
occurs with a flail chest
occurs when fractured segment of ribs moves in a direction that is opposite from the rest of the chest wall when inhaling or exhaling
spina bifida
failure of vertebral arch to close properly (usually in lumbar vertebrae)
causes of back pain
traumatic or cumulative/repetitive
microdiscectomy
go in to spine and cut out herniated area
