Axial Skeleton vertebral column and thoracic cage

Question 1

How many individual vertebrae are there and how many moveable parts are there

Answer 1

33 individual
26 moveable

Question 2

Functions of the vertebral column

Answer 2

supports the head
vertical support
weight transfer
protects delicate spinal cord

Question 3

vertebrae with a lordosis curvature (anterior convex)

Answer 3

cervical
Lumbar

Question 4

vertebrae with a kyphosis curvature (posterior convex)

Answer 4

thoracic
sacral

Question 5

Hyperlordosis

Answer 5

common in pregnant women and people with a big gut.
too much curvature in the lumbar vertebrae

Question 6

Hyperkyphosis

Answer 6

common in postmenopausal women and the elderly
too much curvature in the thoracic vertebrae

Question 7

What travels through the vertebral foramen

Answer 7

spinal cord

Question 8

what travels laterally through intervertebral foramen

Answer 8

spinal nerves branch

Question 9

How many of these are located on each vertebrae?
Spinous process
transverse process
superior articular process
inferior articular process

Answer 9

Spinous process-1
transverse process-2
superior articular process-2
inferior articular process-2

Question 10

what is the purpose of the interlocking superior and inferior articular processes

Answer 10

limits the twisting of the vertebral column

Question 11

what are the intervertebral disks made of

Answer 11

fibrocartilage
(helps absorb shock)

Question 12

2 components of the intervertebral disks

Answer 12

anulus fibrosus (surrounds nucleus pulposus, made of fibrous material)

nucleus pulposus (inside area, made up of gelatnis material)

Question 13

Herniated disk

Answer 13

bulging in a disk
pain can show up in leg when herniated disk is in lumbar spine

Question 14

how many cervical vertebrae are there and what makes them unique

Answer 14

7
only vertebrae that contain transverse foramen and contain a split spinous process

Question 15

cervical vertebrae allow for the most ______ and the least _______

Answer 15

flexibility
stability

Question 16

this articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull on the inferior surface of the occipital bone

Also contains no vertebral body or spinous process

Answer 16

C1 (atlas)

Question 17

what is the name of the joint what allows for the yes motion

Answer 17

atlantooccipital joint located in C1

Question 18

c2

Answer 18

axis

Question 19

allows for articulation on atlas

Answer 19

ondontoid process or dens

Question 20

this joint allows for the no motion

Answer 20

atlantoaxial joint

Question 21

blow to back of head from falling against a wall or hard surface can break what?

Answer 21

dens or ondontoid process

Question 22

easily palpable prominence felt at the base of the neck

Answer 22

spinous process of C7 or vertebra prominens

Question 23

hangmans fracture

Answer 23

cervical vertebrae severs the spinal cord. have to position the not behind the left ear

Question 24

serve as attachments for ribs

Answer 24

thoracic vertebrae (costal facets)

Question 25

3 areas that a rib attaches to a thoracic vertebrae

Answer 25

costal facet
costal demifacet
transverse process

Question 26

How to identify a lumbar vertebrae

Answer 26

large bodies
thick spinous process
largest vertebrae

Question 27

What is a spinal tap and where is it usually done

Answer 27

cerebrospinal fluid drawn from between two vertebrae, usually between L3 and L4

Used to check for bacterial infection

Question 28

Clear spinal fluid =
Cloudy spinal fouid=

Answer 28

Good
Bad (infection)

Question 29

5 fused vertebrae that articulate with ilia of the pelvis to form sacroiliac joint

Answer 29

sacrum

Question 30

how to locate L3 and L4 for a spinal tap

Answer 30

they are level with the iliac crests of the pelvis

Question 31

tail bone
consists of four fused vertebrae

Answer 31

Coccyx

Question 32

How to detect a fractured coccyx

Answer 32

inserting index finger in the rectum and applying pressure

Question 33

Ways to break your coccyx

Answer 33

can be caused by trauma by a fall and sometimes child birth

Question 34

formed by thoracic vertebrae, ribs, costal cartilages and sternum

Answer 34

thoracic cage

Question 35

Suprasternal fossa

Answer 35

just superiror to jugular notch (top of sternum)

Question 36

Sternal angle

Answer 36

where manubrium and gladiolus fuse together

Question 37

sternal foramen

Answer 37

whole in body of sternum that only some people have. Be careful if you are doing acupuncture

Question 38

xiphoid process

Answer 38

inferior part of sternum (master long hits this to kill people a blow can move xiphoid process into the heart)

Question 39

ribs 1-7

Answer 39

true ribs (directly attached to sternum by costal cartilage)

Question 40

ribs 8-10

Answer 40

false ribs (share costal cartilage attachments of rib 7)

Question 41

ribs 11-12

Answer 41

false/floating ribs (they float and do not attach to sternum)

Question 42

what type of cartilage is the costal cartilage

Answer 42

hyaline cartilage

Question 43

Flail chest

Answer 43

when several adjacent ribs are fractured in tow or more places

Question 44

Paradoxical motion

Answer 44

occurs with a flail chest

occurs when fractured segment of ribs moves in a direction that is opposite from the rest of the chest wall when inhaling or exhaling

Question 45

spina bifida

Answer 45

failure of vertebral arch to close properly (usually in lumbar vertebrae)

Question 46

causes of back pain

Answer 46

traumatic or cumulative/repetitive

Question 47

microdiscectomy

Answer 47

go in to spine and cut out herniated area